IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/123049.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Green Bond Issuance by Firms, External Monitoring, and Probability of Default: An Empirical Research Based on Green Policies

Author

Listed:
  • Hong, Jifeng
  • Kazakis, Pantelis
  • Strieborny, Martin

Abstract

Utilizing a staggered Difference-in-Differences (DID) approach, we investigate the impact of green bond issuance on the probability of default among Chinese firms from 2016 to 2022. We find that issuing a green bond significantly reduces the firm’s default probability, highlighting the joint advantage of financial stability and environmental sustainability. The effect is particularly strong for firms that lack strong external monitoring by financial analysts and media, for high-polluting firms, and for firms facing a high level of competition. Our results also suggest that the transmission from green bond issuance to improved financial resiliency works both through alleviating financial constraints and through increasing stock liquidity.

Suggested Citation

  • Hong, Jifeng & Kazakis, Pantelis & Strieborny, Martin, 2024. "Green Bond Issuance by Firms, External Monitoring, and Probability of Default: An Empirical Research Based on Green Policies," MPRA Paper 123049, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:123049
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/123049/1/MPRA_paper_123049.pdf
    File Function: original version
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hsu, Po-Hsuan & Lee, Hsiao-Hui & Liu, Alfred Zhu & Zhang, Zhipeng, 2015. "Corporate innovation, default risk, and bond pricing," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(C), pages 329-344.
    2. Heitor Almeida & Murillo Campello, 2007. "Financial Constraints, Asset Tangibility, and Corporate Investment," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 20(5), pages 1429-1460, 2007 12.
    3. Thorsten Beck & Ross Levine & Alexey Levkov, 2010. "Big Bad Banks? The Winners and Losers from Bank Deregulation in the United States," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 65(5), pages 1637-1667, October.
    4. To, Thomas Y. & Navone, Marco & Wu, Eliza, 2018. "Analyst coverage and the quality of corporate investment decisions," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 164-181.
    5. Bryan Kelly & Alexander Ljungqvist, 2012. "Testing Asymmetric-Information Asset Pricing Models," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 25(5), pages 1366-1413.
    6. Xu, Guoquan & Lu, Nuotian & Tong, Yan, 2022. "Greenwashing and credit spread: Evidence from the Chinese green bond market," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
    7. Jensen, Michael C, 1986. "Agency Costs of Free Cash Flow, Corporate Finance, and Takeovers," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 76(2), pages 323-329, May.
    8. Yermack, David, 1996. "Higher market valuation of companies with a small board of directors," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(2), pages 185-211, February.
    9. Pastor, Lubos & Stambaugh, Robert F., 2003. "Liquidity Risk and Expected Stock Returns," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 111(3), pages 642-685, June.
    10. Fang, Vivian W. & Noe, Thomas H. & Tice, Sheri, 2009. "Stock market liquidity and firm value," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(1), pages 150-169, October.
    11. Andrea Caggese & Vicente Cunat, 2013. "Financing Constraints, Firm Dynamics, Export Decisions, and Aggregate Productivity," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 16(1), pages 177-193, January.
    12. Alexander Dyck & Adair Morse & Luigi Zingales, 2010. "Who Blows the Whistle on Corporate Fraud?," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 65(6), pages 2213-2253, December.
    13. Campello, Murillo & Graham, John R. & Harvey, Campbell R., 2010. "The real effects of financial constraints: Evidence from a financial crisis," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 97(3), pages 470-487, September.
    14. Christopher S. Armstrong & John E. Core & Daniel J. Taylor & Robert E. Verrecchia, 2011. "When Does Information Asymmetry Affect the Cost of Capital?," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 49(1), pages 1-40, March.
    15. Candace Partridge & Francesca Romana Medda, 2020. "The evolution of pricing performance of green municipal bonds," Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 10(1), pages 44-64, January.
    16. Madurika Nanayakkara & Sisira Colombage, 2019. "Do investors in Green Bond market pay a premium? Global evidence," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 51(40), pages 4425-4437, August.
    17. Behr, Patrick & Norden, Lars & Noth, Felix, 2013. "Financial constraints of private firms and bank lending behavior," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(9), pages 3472-3485.
    18. Yuming Zhang & Juanjuan Zhang & Zhang Cheng, 2021. "Stock Market Liberalization and Corporate Green Innovation: Evidence from China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(7), pages 1-22, March.
    19. Merton, Robert C, 1974. "On the Pricing of Corporate Debt: The Risk Structure of Interest Rates," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 29(2), pages 449-470, May.
    20. Ren, Penghan & Cheng, Zhonghua & Dai, Qingling, 2024. "Can green bond issuance promote enterprise green technological innovation?," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(PA).
    21. Caramichael, John & Rapp, Andreas C., 2024. "The green corporate bond issuance premium," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    22. Aman, Hiroyuki & Moriyasu, Hiroshi, 2022. "Effect of corporate disclosure and press media on market liquidity: Evidence from Japan," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    23. Vasundhara Saravade & Xingxing Chen & Olaf Weber & Xianzhong Song, 2023. "Impact of regulatory policies on green bond issuances in China: policy lessons from a top-down approach," Climate Policy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 23(1), pages 96-107, January.
    24. Zhang, Yuyao & Li, Yinuo & Chen, Xingyu, 2024. "Does green bond issuance affect stock price crash risk? Evidence from China," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    25. Favara, Giovanni & Morellec, Erwan & Schroth, Enrique & Valta, Philip, 2017. "Debt enforcement, investment, and risk taking across countries," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 123(1), pages 22-41.
    26. Sun, Wenbin & Cui, Kexiu, 2014. "Linking corporate social responsibility to firm default risk," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 32(2), pages 275-287.
    27. Gilles Hilary & Charles Hsu, 2013. "Analyst Forecast Consistency," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 68(1), pages 271-297, February.
    28. Olivier David Zerbib, 2019. "The effect of pro-environmental preferences on bond prices: Evidence from green bonds," Post-Print halshs-02008641, HAL.
    29. Zerbib, Olivier David, 2019. "The effect of pro-environmental preferences on bond prices: Evidence from green bonds," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 39-60.
    30. Shi, Xianwang & Ma, Jianteng & Jiang, Anxuan & Wei, Shuang & Yue, Leilei, 2023. "Green bonds: Green investments or greenwashing?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    31. Sun, Yongping & Li, Yingyi & Yu, Tiantian & Zhang, Xinyu & Liu, Lingna & Zhang, Ping, 2021. "Resource extraction, environmental pollution and economic development: Evidence from prefecture-level cities in China," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    32. Dongmei Li, 2011. "Financial Constraints, R&D Investment, and Stock Returns," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 24(9), pages 2974-3007.
    33. Tang, Dragon Yongjun & Zhang, Yupu, 2020. "Do shareholders benefit from green bonds?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    34. Sangiorgi, Ivan & Schopohl, Lisa, 2023. "Explaining green bond issuance using survey evidence: Beyond the greenium," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 55(1).
    35. Meng, Qingbin & Huang, Haozheng & Li, Xinyu & Wang, Song, 2023. "Short-selling and corporate default risk: Evidence from China," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 398-417.
    36. Heidi Tuhkanen & Gregor Vulturius, 2022. "Are green bonds funding the transition? Investigating the link between companies’ climate targets and green debt financing," Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(4), pages 1194-1216, October.
    37. Toni M. Whited & Guojun Wu, 2006. "Financial Constraints Risk," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 19(2), pages 531-559.
    38. Shu-Mei Chiang & Huimin Chung & Chien-Ming Huang & Robert Faff, 2015. "A note on board characteristics, ownership structure and default risk in Taiwan," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 55(1), pages 57-74, March.
    39. Edward I. Altman, 1968. "Financial Ratios, Discriminant Analysis And The Prediction Of Corporate Bankruptcy," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 23(4), pages 589-609, September.
    40. Cheng, Shijun, 2008. "Board size and the variability of corporate performance," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(1), pages 157-176, January.
    41. Ohlson, Ja, 1980. "Financial Ratios And The Probabilistic Prediction Of Bankruptcy," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 18(1), pages 109-131.
    42. Charles J. Hadlock & Joshua R. Pierce, 2010. "New Evidence on Measuring Financial Constraints: Moving Beyond the KZ Index," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 23(5), pages 1909-1940.
    43. Zhitao, Wang & Xiang, Ma, 2023. "Financial mismatch on corporate debt default risk: Evidence from China," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    44. Darren T. Roulstone, 2003. "Analyst Following and Market Liquidity," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 20(3), pages 552-578, September.
    45. Zyglidopoulos, Stelios C. & Georgiadis, Andreas P. & Carroll, Craig E. & Siegel, Donald S., 2012. "Does media attention drive corporate social responsibility?," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 65(11), pages 1622-1627.
    46. Alfaro, Laura & Asis, Gonzalo & Chari, Anusha & Panizza, Ugo, 2019. "Corporate debt, firm size and financial fragility in emerging markets," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 1-19.
    47. Campbell, Tim S & Dietrich, J Kimball, 1983. "The Determinants of Default on Insured Conventional Residential Mortgage Loans," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 38(5), pages 1569-1581, December.
    48. Li, Tingting & Wang, Yong & Zhao, Dingtao, 2016. "Environmental Kuznets Curve in China: New evidence from dynamic panel analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 138-147.
    49. Irani, Rustom M. & Oesch, David, 2013. "Monitoring and corporate disclosure: Evidence from a natural experiment," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 109(2), pages 398-418.
    50. Mark H. Lang & Karl V. Lins & Darius P. Miller, 2004. "Concentrated Control, Analyst Following, and Valuation: Do Analysts Matter Most When Investors Are Protected Least?," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 42(3), pages 589-623, June.
    51. Lin, Boqiang & Su, Tong, 2022. "Green bond vs conventional bond: Outline the rationale behind issuance choices in China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    52. Nie, Zi & Ling, Xuan & Chen, Meian, 2023. "The power of technology: FinTech and corporate debt default risk in China," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    53. Philipp Krueger & Zacharias Sautner & Laura T Starks, 2020. "The Importance of Climate Risks for Institutional Investors," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 33(3), pages 1067-1111.
    54. Jerry Sun, 2009. "Governance Role of Analyst Coverage and Investor Protection," Financial Analysts Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 65(6), pages 52-64, November.
    55. Do, Trung K., 2022. "Corporate social responsibility and default risk: International evidence," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 44(C).
    56. Jinhua Cui & Hoje Jo & Haejung Na, 2018. "Does Corporate Social Responsibility Affect Information Asymmetry?," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 148(3), pages 549-572, March.
    57. Yu, Fang (Frank), 2008. "Analyst coverage and earnings management," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(2), pages 245-271, May.
    58. Sreedhar T. Bharath & Tyler Shumway, 2008. "Forecasting Default with the Merton Distance to Default Model," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 21(3), pages 1339-1369, May.
    59. Bhutta, Umair Saeed & Tariq, Adeel & Farrukh, Muhammad & Raza, Ali & Iqbal, Muhammad Khalid, 2022. "Green bonds for sustainable development: Review of literature on development and impact of green bonds," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    60. Steven N. Kaplan & Luigi Zingales, 1997. "Do Investment-Cash Flow Sensitivities Provide Useful Measures of Financing Constraints?," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 112(1), pages 169-215.
    61. Joseph G. Haubrich, 2020. "Financial Stability: Risks, Resilience, and Policy," Economic Commentary, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, vol. 2020(22), pages 1-4, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Boubaker, Sabri & Cellier, Alexis & Manita, Riadh & Saeed, Asif, 2020. "Does corporate social responsibility reduce financial distress risk?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 835-851.
    2. Qiao, Lu & Fei, Junjun, 2022. "Government subsidies, enterprise operating efficiency, and “stiff but deathless” zombie firms," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).
    3. To, Thomas Y. & Navone, Marco & Wu, Eliza, 2018. "Analyst coverage and the quality of corporate investment decisions," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 164-181.
    4. Fu, Yumei & He, Feng & Li, Jintian & Zan, Bingyan, 2024. "Commonality in liquidity and corporate default risk - Evidence from China," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    5. Fiorillo, Paolo & Meles, Antonio & Salerno, Dario & Verdoliva, Vincenzo, 2024. "Analyst coverage and default risk," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    6. Ashrafee Tanvir Hossain & Lawrence Kryzanowski & Xiao Bing Ma, 2020. "U.S. Political Corruption And Loan Pricing," Journal of Financial Research, Southern Finance Association;Southwestern Finance Association, vol. 43(3), pages 459-489, August.
    7. Li, Xiafei & Luo, Di, 2019. "Financial constraints, stock liquidity, and stock returns," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    8. Marshall, Ben R. & Nguyen, Justin Hung & Nguyen, Nhut H. & Visaltanachoti, Nuttawat, 2021. "Does a change in the information environment affect labor adjustment costs?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    9. Chen, Tao & Harford, Jarrad & Lin, Chen, 2015. "Do analysts matter for governance? Evidence from natural experiments," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 115(2), pages 383-410.
    10. Schauer, Catharina & Elsas, Ralf & Breitkopf, Nikolas, 2019. "A new measure of financial constraints applicable to private and public firms," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 270-295.
    11. Joan Farre-Mensa & Alexander Ljungqvist, 2016. "Do Measures of Financial Constraints Measure Financial Constraints?," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 29(2), pages 271-308.
    12. Li, Tongxia & Lu, Chun & Wang, Hui, 2023. "Stakeholder orientation and trade credit: Evidence from a natural experiment," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 15-34.
    13. Meles, Antonio & Salerno, Dario & Sampagnaro, Gabriele & Verdoliva, Vincenzo & Zhang, Jianing, 2023. "The influence of green innovation on default risk: Evidence from Europe," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 692-710.
    14. Rajkovic, Tijana, 2020. "Lead independent directors and investment efficiency," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    15. Derrien, François & Kecskés, Ambrus & Mansi, Sattar A., 2016. "Information asymmetry, the cost of debt, and credit events: Evidence from quasi-random analyst disappearances," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 295-311.
    16. Wang, Congcong & Wang, Chong & Long, Huaigang & Zaremba, Adam & Zhou, Wenyu, 2024. "Green bond credit spreads and bank loans in China," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    17. Nguyen, Justin Hung & Qiu, Buhui, 2022. "Right-to-Work laws and corporate innovation," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    18. Kang, Qiang & Liu, Qiao, 2023. "Eliciting managerial willingness to invest: A revealed-preference approach," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 155(PB).
    19. Armanious, Amir & Zhao, Ruoyun, 2024. "Stock liquidity effect on leverage: The role of debt security, financial constraint, and risk around the global financial crisis and Covid-19 pandemic," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    20. Zhang, Ning & Bo, Lan & Wang, Xuanqiao, 2024. "Confucian culture and corporate default risk: Assessing the governance influence of traditional culture," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    green bond issuance; default probability; analyst and media coverage; financial constraints; stock liquidity;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G14 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies; Insider Trading
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
    • G33 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Bankruptcy; Liquidation

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:123049. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Joachim Winter (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/vfmunde.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.