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Demographischer Wandel, Arbeitsmarktpartizipation und Sozialsysteme in den neuen EU-Mitgliedsländern : Absicherung bei Nicht-Beschäftigung

Author

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  • Michael Knogler

    (Osteuropa-Institut, Regensburg (Institut for East European Studies))

Abstract

Die globale Wirtschafts- und Finanzkrise hat deutliche Spuren auf den Arbeitsmärkten der neuen EU-Mitgliedstaaten (EU10) hinterlassen. Der nach dem Ende der Phase des „jobless growth“ in diesen Ländern seit 2005 zu verzeichnende Anstieg der Beschäftigungsquoten wurde zum Teil wieder revi-diert, die Arbeitslosenquoten stiegen deutlich an. Gleichzeitig sind diese Länder, ähnlich den EU-Altmitgliedern, einem demographischen Alterungsprozess ausgesetzt, der mittel und langfristig zu einem dramatischen Rückgang der Bevölkerung im erwerbsfähigen Alter führen und die Alterslast-quoten nach oben treiben wird. Auch vor diesem Hintergrund ist der Zusammenhang zwischen sozialen Sicherungssystemen und dem Arbeitsangebot von hoher Bedeutung. Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Auswirkungen der Krise auf Beschäftigung und Arbeits-losigkeit sowie die verschiedenen Formen der sozialen Absicherung bei Nicht-Beschäftigung in den EU10. Im Mittelpunkt steht zunächst die Partizipation am Arbeitsmarkt, wobei Zu- und Abgänge in den / vom Arbeitsmarkt und Bewegungen zwischen verschiedenen Formen der Nicht-Beschäftigung nicht nur durch die konjunkturelle Entwicklung sondern auch durch die Ausgestaltung der sozialen Siche-rungssysteme bzw. einzelner Sozialleistungen bestimmt werden. Vor allem in der Altersgruppe über 50 Jahre liegen in den EU10 extrem hohe Nichterwerbsquoten vor, die auf Fehlentwicklungen in den Sozialsystemen zurückzuführen sind. Ein Überblick über die Entwicklung der Absicherung bei Nicht-Beschäftigung zeigt, dass Fehlanreize weniger aus der Ausgestaltung des Arbeitslosengelds resultie-ren, sondern auf Regelungen zu Frühverrentung und Invaliditätsrenten zurückzuführen sind und de facto eine Überschneidung zwischen Arbeitslosengeld, Vorruhestandsregelungen und Invaliditätsleistungen besteht.

Suggested Citation

  • Michael Knogler, 2010. "Demographischer Wandel, Arbeitsmarktpartizipation und Sozialsysteme in den neuen EU-Mitgliedsländern : Absicherung bei Nicht-Beschäftigung," Memoranda - Policy Papers 49, Institut für Ost- und Südosteuropaforschung (Institute for East and Southeast European Studies).
    • Handle: RePEc:ost:memopp:49
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    References listed on IDEAS

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