An Ecosystem Overview of the Biogas Industry’s Evolution - from Historical Oversight to Future Energy Pillar

This work provides an ecosystem analysis of the past, present, and future of the biogas industry, from its environmental implications, to market dynamics, and future market expansion prospects. It is structured in four main sections: context, historical roots, market transitions, and future growth. Context presents climate implications of waste-related emissions, introduces biogas as a potent solution, and dives into the present-day favourable market ecosystem for this industry. Historical Roots highlights early drivers and policy instruments that favoured the industry’s nascence, however, also shaped its development in a way that later hindered growth. Market Transitions dives into the industrialization of biogas, detailing key factors that stimulated a transition to market-based approaches. Previously unidentified barriers for non-fossil-fuel industry players are presented. It then outlines recent global events’ favourable influence on stimulating increased attention to this sector. Future Growth delves into the expanded valorization routes for the inputs and outputs of biogas, alongside the mandates that will stimulate exponential demand for this sector’s future. In this, we conclude with how biogas can provide a cost competitive pathway to hydrogen when compared to the electrolysis pathway, which is currently standing at the forefront of global energy transition policy. In sum, this manuscript offers an ecosystem analysis of the biogas industry through the lens of its evolution across time, from past to future, particularly focusing on legal and market perspectives, to highlight this industry’s pivotal role in meeting future energy demands.