IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/eurcho/v6y2007i1p14-21.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Ethanol Transforms Agricultural Markets in the USA L'éthanol transforme les marchés agricoles aux Etats‐Unis Ethanol transformiert die Agrarmärkte in den USA

Author

Listed:
  • Pat Westhoff
  • Wyatt Thompson
  • John Kruse
  • Seth Meyer

Abstract

Ethanol Transforms Agricultural Markets in the USA In the United States the volume of ethanol produced from maize is increasing at a very fast rate. The high crude oil prices explain some of this growth, but government policies have also been instrumental by fostering the growth of the US ethanol industry. Tax credits and import tariffs have encouraged investment by increasing ethanol producer returns, while at the same time environmental regulations and mandated levels of renewable fuel use have encouraged, if not required, gasoline blenders to use ethanol. The growing biofuel industry has resulted in closer links between energy and agricultural markets more than ever before. Prices for maize and other grains have increased, feed rations have changed, and the expected taxpayer cost of traditional US farm commodity programs has sharply declined. In 2006, high petroleum prices along with supportive policies contributed to record high US ethanol prices and massive investment in even greater production capacity. The immediate implications for the European Union are higher world commodity prices as maize is reallocated to ethanol production. As biofuels represent a larger share of motor fuel use in the US than in the EU, the US experience is a useful point of comparison as EU energy policies are developed. Aux Etats‐Unis, le volume d'éthanol produit à base de maïs s'accroit à un taux très rapide. Le prix élevé du pétrole explique partiellement cette augmentation, mais les politiques publiques ont aussi eues un rôle important pour favoriser la croissance de l'industrie de l'éthanol américaine. Les crédits d'impôts et les barrières douanières ont encouragé les investissements en augmentant la rentabilité des producteurs d'éthanol, cependant que les législations environnementales et l'obligation d'avoir une certaine proportion de produits renouvelables encourageaient (pour ne pas dire forçaient) les fabricants de mélanges de carburants à utiliser de l'éthanol. L'émergence d'une industrie des biocarburants a créé des liens inconnus auparavant entre les marchés de l'énergie et ceux des produits agricoles. Les prix du maïs et des autres céréales ont augmenté, les rations alimentaires des animaux d'élevage ont changé, et le coût pour le contribuable des programmes traditionnels de soutien aux produits agricoles ont considérablement diminués. En 2006, l'élévation des prix du pétrole et les politiques de soutien à la fi lière ont conduit à des prix record pour l'éthanol américain, et à des investissements massifs dans des capacités de production encore plus grandes. Du point de vue de l'UE, l'implication immédiate de la réaffectation du maïs à la production d'éthanol est un prix mondial plus élevé pour les produits agricoles. Dans la mesure où les biocarburants ont une part de marché plus importante aux Etats‐Unis qu'en Europe, l'expérience américaine est un point de comparaison utile pour l'élaboration de politiques énergétiques en Europe. In den Vereinigten Staaten nimmt die Menge an aus Mais gewonnenem Ethanol sehr schnell zu. Zum Teil sind die hohen Erdölpreise für dieses Wachstum verantwortlich, die Politikmaßnahmen der Regierung haben jedoch ebenfalls dazu beigetragen, indem sie das Wachstum der Ethanolindustrie in den USA unterstützten. Steuervergünstigungen und Einfuhrzölle haben sich günstig auf Investitionen ausgewirkt, indem sie die Rentabilität der Ethanolerzeugung erhöht haben, während zur gleichen Zeit Umweltverordnungen und gesetzlich vorgeschriebene Einsatzmengen von Kraftstoffen aus erneuerbaren Energiequellen die Unternehmen dazu ermutigt ‐ wenn nicht gar genötigt ‐ haben, Ethanol bei der Benzinmischung zu verwenden. Die wachsende Biokraftstoffi ndustrie hat dazu geführt, dass die Energie‐ und Agrarmärkte so eng wie nie zuvor miteinander verknüpft sind. Die Preise für Mais und andere Getreidearten sind gestiegen, die Futterrationen haben sich geändert, und die erwarteten Kosten für den Steuerzahler für herkömmliche Programme zur Förderung von landwirtschaftlichen Produkten in den USA sind stark gesunken. Im Jahr 2006 haben hohe Erdölpreise in Kombination mit begleitenden Politikmaßnahmen dazu beigetragen, dass die Ethanolpreise in den USA auf Rekordniveau gestiegen sind und dass enorme Investitionen in noch größere Produktionskapazitäten getätigt wurden. Für die EU hat dies unmittelbar einen Anstieg der internationalen Rohstoffpreise zur Folge, da Mais nun für die Ethanolproduktion benötigt wird. Da in den USA ein größerer Anteil von Biokraftstoffen als Treibstoff verwendet wird als in der EU, können die Erfahrungen aus den USA gut bei der Entwicklung der EU‐Energiepolitiken zum Vergleich heran gezogen werden.

Suggested Citation

  • Pat Westhoff & Wyatt Thompson & John Kruse & Seth Meyer, 2007. "Ethanol Transforms Agricultural Markets in the USA L'éthanol transforme les marchés agricoles aux Etats‐Unis Ethanol transformiert die Agrarmärkte in den USA," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 6(1), pages 14-21, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:6:y:2007:i:1:p:14-21
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1746-692X.2007.00053.x
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-692X.2007.00053.x
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/j.1746-692X.2007.00053.x?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Duffield, James A. & Collins, Keith J., 2006. "Evolution of Renewable Energy Policy," Choices: The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resource Issues, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 21(1), pages 1-6.
    2. Gallagher, Paul W., 2006. "Energy Production with Biomass: What Are the Prospects?," Choices: The Magazine of Food, Farm, and Resource Issues, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 21(1), pages 1-6.
    3. Gallagher, Paul W., 2006. "Energy Production with Biomass: What Are the Prospects," Staff General Research Papers Archive 12559, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
    4. Gallagher, Paul W., 2006. "Energy Production with Biomass: What Are the Prospects?," ISU General Staff Papers 200601010800001446, Iowa State University, Department of Economics.
    5. Oecd, 2006. "Agricultural Market Impacts of Future Growth in the Production of Biofuels," OECD Papers, OECD Publishing, vol. 6(1), pages 1-57.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Whistance, Jarrett & Ripplinger, David & Thompson, Wyatt, 2016. "Biofuel-related price transmission using Renewable Identification Number prices to signal mandate regime," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 19-29.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. John Quiggin, 2010. "Agriculture and global climate stabilization: a public good analysis," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 41(s1), pages 121-132, November.
    2. Henderson, Jason R. & Gloy, Brent A., 2008. "The Impact of Ethanol Plants on Land Values in the Great Plains," 2007 Agricultural and Rural Finance Markets in Transition, October 4-5, 2007, St. Louis, Missouri 48148, Regional Research Committee NC-1014: Agricultural and Rural Finance Markets in Transition.
    3. Chao Bi & Jingjing Zeng & Wanli Zhang & Yonglin Wen, 2020. "Modelling the Coevolution of the Fuel Ethanol Industry, Technology System, and Market System in China: A History-Friendly Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-26, February.
    4. Thompson, Wyatt & Meyer, Seth & Westhoff, Pat, 2009. "How does petroleum price and corn yield volatility affect ethanol markets with and without an ethanol use mandate?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(2), pages 745-749, February.
    5. Antar, Mohammed & Lyu, Dongmei & Nazari, Mahtab & Shah, Ateeq & Zhou, Xiaomin & Smith, Donald L., 2021. "Biomass for a sustainable bioeconomy: An overview of world biomass production and utilization," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    6. Quiggin, John, 2005. "Counting the cost of climate change at an agricultural level," Risk and Sustainable Management Group Working Papers 152085, University of Queensland, School of Economics.
    7. Quiggin, John C., 2009. "Agriculture and global climate stabilization," 2009 Conference, August 16-22, 2009, Beijing, China 53204, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    8. Brent A. Gloy & Jason Henderson, 2008. "The impact of ethanol plants on cropland values in the Great Plains," Regional Research Working Paper RRWP 08-01, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City.
    9. Unknown, 2008. "The 30-Year Challenge: Agriculture's Strategic Role in Feeding and Fueling a Growing World," Issue Reports 45719, Farm Foundation.
    10. Henderson, Jason R. & Gloy, Brent A., 2008. "The Impact of Ethanol Plants on Cropland Values in the Great Plains," Working Papers 51080, Cornell University, Department of Applied Economics and Management.
    11. Thompson, Wyatt & Meyer, Seth D. & Westhoff, Patrick C., 2010. "Us Biofuel And Climate Policies Duel Over Cellulosic Biomass," 2010: Climate Change in World Agriculture: Mitigation, Adaptation, Trade and Food Security, June 2010, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Germany 91404, International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium.
    12. Fapri, 2007. "Economic Impacts of Not Extending Biofuels Subsidies," FAPRI-MU Report Series 42189, Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute (FAPRI).
    13. Zhang, Wendong & Irwin, Elena G. & Nickerson, Cynthia J., 2012. "The Expanding Ethanol Market and Farmland Values: Identifying the Changing Influence of Proximity to Agricultural Delivery Points," 2012 Annual Meeting, August 12-14, 2012, Seattle, Washington 124690, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    14. Maurice, Noemie & Davis, Junior, 2011. "Unravelling the underlying causes of price volatility in world coffee and cocoa commodity markets," MPRA Paper 43813, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2012.
    15. Batidzirai, B. & Smeets, E.M.W. & Faaij, A.P.C., 2012. "Harmonising bioenergy resource potentials—Methodological lessons from review of state of the art bioenergy potential assessments," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(9), pages 6598-6630.
    16. Subhayu Bandyopadhyay & Sumon Bhaumik & Howard J. Wall, 2013. "Biofuel Subsidies and International Trade," Economics and Politics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(2), pages 181-199, July.
    17. Viju, Crina & Kerr, William A. & Nolan, James F., 2006. "Subsidization of the Biofuel Industry: Security vs. Clean Air?," 2006 Annual meeting, July 23-26, Long Beach, CA 21321, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).
    18. María Blanco & Marcel Adenäuer & Shailesh Shrestha & Arno Becker, 2012. "Methodology to assess EU Biofuel Policies: The CAPRI Approach," JRC Research Reports JRC80037, Joint Research Centre.
    19. von Lampe, Martin, 2007. "Economics and agricultural market impacts of growing biofuel production," Journal of International Agricultural Trade and Development, Journal of International Agricultural Trade and Development, vol. 56(5/6).
    20. Tomoko Hasegawa & Ronald D. Sands & Thierry Brunelle & Yiyun Cui & Stefan Frank & Shinichiro Fujimori & Alexander Popp, 2020. "Food security under high bioenergy demand toward long-term climate goals," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 163(3), pages 1587-1601, December.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:6:y:2007:i:1:p:14-21. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/eaaeeea.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.