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The Social Origins of Democracy and Authoritarianism Reconsidered: Prussia and Sweden in Comparison

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  • Bengtsson, Erik
  • Kersting, Felix

Abstract

In a large social science literature, unequal rural class structures ("landlordism") are associated with authoritarian political outcomes. This paper revisits the debate focusing on the electoral consequences of land inequality in Prussia, the locus classicus of the pernicious effects of landlordism, and Sweden, often perceived as Prussia’s opposite, with a farmer-dominated social structure and stable democratization. Investigating the late 19th and early 20th century, we show that agrarian inequality was higher in Sweden than in Prussia, already putting the theory of a landlordism-authoritarianism connection in question. In contrast to the existing hypothesis, our within country-analysis indicates no positive correlation between land inequality and electoral support for the Conservative and Nazi parties and a positive correlation with turnout. We discuss social mobilization and declining social control of the landed elites as mediating institutional factors.

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  • Bengtsson, Erik & Kersting, Felix, 2024. "The Social Origins of Democracy and Authoritarianism Reconsidered: Prussia and Sweden in Comparison," OSF Preprints 2jgq8_v1, Center for Open Science.
    • Handle: RePEc:osf:osfxxx:2jgq8_v1
    DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/2jgq8_v1
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    1. Cinnirella, Francesco & Hornung, Erik, 2016. "Landownership concentration and the expansion of education," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 135-152.
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    5. Lehmann, Sibylle & Volckart, Oliver, 2011. "The political economy of agricultural protection: Sweden 1887," European Review of Economic History, Cambridge University Press, vol. 15(1), pages 29-59, April.
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    7. repec:ucp:bkecon:9780226731445 is not listed on IDEAS
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