IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/osf/africa/2r7qa.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Adoption of Cocoa Certification Scheme and Farmer’s Technical Efficiency in Cameroon: A Double Bootstrap Procedure

Author

Listed:
  • Longang, Saubaber Gamo
  • D., Soh Wenda Boris.
  • Bergaly, Kamdem Cyrile

Abstract

In a bid to promote the adoption of certification schemes in the cocoa subsector, this study used data collected from 100 cocoa farmers applied on the two-stage double bootstrap data envelopment analysis (DEA) procedure to estimate the bias-corrected technical efficiency scores of cocoa producers with respect to the level of adoption of the Rainforest Alliance/UTZ cocoa certification scheme in the Centre region of Cameroon. The result indicates that yields per hectare remain low for cocoa farmers but is highest for partial adopters, followed by complete adopters and non-adopters; inefficiency remains rampant amongst cocoa farmers but declines as one moves from non-adoption to partial and then complete adoption. However, partial adoption appears to be more favourable for technical efficiency relative to complete adoption in the short run. Moreover, inefficiency is highest for nonadopters as their respective ages and the year of their experience increase. Likewise, non-adopters and partial adopters with secondary or higher level of schooling tend to be less efficient than complete adopters with similar level of schooling. This study therefore shows that the level of adoption of certification schemes matter for farmers’ technical efficiency. Hence certification bodies and agricultural extension programs should promote the adoption of certification schemes and encourage farmers to adopt the certification norms progressively and move from nonadoption to partial adoption in the short run and then to complete adoption in the long run.

Suggested Citation

  • Longang, Saubaber Gamo & D., Soh Wenda Boris. & Bergaly, Kamdem Cyrile, 2023. "Adoption of Cocoa Certification Scheme and Farmer’s Technical Efficiency in Cameroon: A Double Bootstrap Procedure," AfricArxiv 2r7qa, Center for Open Science.
    • Handle: RePEc:osf:africa:2r7qa
    DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/2r7qa
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://osf.io/download/6494c0ba380911061c3c3056/
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.31219/osf.io/2r7qa?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Léopold Simar & Paul Wilson, 2000. "Statistical Inference in Nonparametric Frontier Models: The State of the Art," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 13(1), pages 49-78, January.
    2. Wossink, Ada & Denaux, Zulal S., 2006. "Environmental and cost efficiency of pesticide use in transgenic and conventional cotton production," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 90(1-3), pages 312-328, October.
    3. Doss, Cheryl R., 2001. "Designing Agricultural Technology for African Women Farmers: Lessons from 25 Years of Experience," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 29(12), pages 2075-2092, December.
    4. Oleg Badunenko & Harald Tauchmann, 2019. "Simar and Wilson two-stage efficiency analysis for Stata," Stata Journal, StataCorp LP, vol. 19(4), pages 950-988, December.
    5. Coelli, Tim & Fleming, Euan, 2004. "Diversification economies and specialisation efficiencies in a mixed food and coffee smallholder farming system in Papua New Guinea," Agricultural Economics, Blackwell, vol. 31(2-3), pages 229-239, December.
    6. Yannick Djoumessi & Victor Afari-Sefa & Cyrille Bergaly Kamdem & Jean-Claude Bidogeza, 2018. "Socio-economic and institutional factors underlying efficiency of smallholder vegetable farms in Southwest region of Cameroon," International Journal of Social Economics, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 45(1), pages 93-106, January.
    7. Andras Tothmihaly & Verina Ingram, 2019. "How can the productivity of Indonesian cocoa farms be increased?," Agribusiness, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 35(3), pages 439-456, July.
    8. Simar, Leopold & Wilson, Paul W., 2007. "Estimation and inference in two-stage, semi-parametric models of production processes," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 136(1), pages 31-64, January.
    9. Ngougheme, Rene & Kamdem, Cyrille Bergaly & Jagoret, Patrick & Havard, Michel, 2016. "Impact de la certification sur les performances agro-economiques des producteurs de cacao du centre Cameroun," 2016 Fifth International Conference, September 23-26, 2016, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 249294, African Association of Agricultural Economists (AAAE).
    10. Nalun Panpluem & Adnan Mustafa & Xianlei Huang & Shu Wang & Changbin Yin, 2019. "Measuring the Technical Efficiency of Certified Organic Rice Producing Farms in Yasothon Province: Northeast Thailand," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-16, December.
    11. George E. Battese & D. S. Prasada Rao, 2002. "Technology Gap, Efficiency, and a Stochastic Metafrontier Function," International Journal of Business and Economics, School of Management Development, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan, vol. 1(2), pages 87-93, August.
    12. Brown, Brendan & Nuberg, Ian & Llewellyn, Rick, 2017. "Stepwise frameworks for understanding the utilisation of conservation agriculture in Africa," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 11-22.
    13. Abdul Wadud & Ben White, 2000. "Farm household efficiency in Bangladesh: a comparison of stochastic frontier and DEA methods," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 32(13), pages 1665-1673.
    14. Khem R. Sharma & PingSun Leung & Halina M. Zaleski, 1999. "Technical, allocative and economic efficiencies in swine production in Hawaii: a comparison of parametric and nonparametric approaches," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 20(1), pages 23-35, January.
    15. Sharma, Khem R. & Leung, PingSun & Zaleski, Halina M., 1999. "Technical, allocative and economic efficiencies in swine production in Hawaii: a comparison of parametric and nonparametric approaches," Agricultural Economics, Blackwell, vol. 20(1), pages 23-35, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Basanta R. Dhungana & Peter L. Nuthall & Gilbert V. Nartea, 2004. "Measuring the economic inefficiency of Nepalese rice farms using data envelopment analysis," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 48(2), pages 347-369, June.
    2. Sokol, Ondřej & Frýd, Lukáš, 2023. "DEA efficiency in agriculture: Measurement unit issues," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    3. Manevska-Tasevska, Gordana & Hansson, Helena, 2010. "Influence of rural development policy targets on farm efficiency: An efficiency study of labour intensive grape growing family farms," IAMO Forum 2010: Institutions in Transition – Challenges for New Modes of Governance 52696, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Central and Eastern Europe (IAMO).
    4. Otieno, David Jakinda & Hubbard, Lionel J. & Ruto, Eric, 2012. "Determinants of technical efficiency in beef cattle production in Kenya," 2012 Conference, August 18-24, 2012, Foz do Iguacu, Brazil 125853, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    5. Boris Bravo-Ureta & Daniel Solís & Víctor Moreira López & José Maripani & Abdourahmane Thiam & Teodoro Rivas, 2007. "Technical efficiency in farming: a meta-regression analysis," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 27(1), pages 57-72, February.
    6. Lampe, Hannes W. & Hilgers, Dennis, 2015. "Trajectories of efficiency measurement: A bibliometric analysis of DEA and SFA," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 240(1), pages 1-21.
    7. Rahman, Sanzidur, 2003. "Profit efficiency among Bangladeshi rice farmers," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 28(5-6), pages 487-503.
    8. Bouali Guesmi & Teresa Serra & Allen Featherstone, 2015. "Technical efficiency of Kansas arable crop farms: a local maximum likelihood approach," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 46(6), pages 703-713, November.
    9. Ghebru, Hosaena & Holden, Stein T., 2015. "Technical Efficiency and Productivity Differential Effects of Land Right Certification: A Quasi-Experimental Evidence," Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture, Humboldt-Universitaat zu Berlin, vol. 54(1), pages 1-31, February.
    10. Kelvin Balcombe & Iain Fraser & Laure Latruffe & Mizanur Rahman & Laurence Smith, 2008. "An application of the DEA double bootstrap to examine sources of efficiency in Bangladesh rice farming," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 40(15), pages 1919-1925.
    11. Gulati, Rachita, 2022. "Global and local banking crises and risk-adjusted efficiency of Indian banks: Are the impacts really perspective-dependent?," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 23-39.
    12. Guesmi, Bouali & Serra, Teresa & Radwan, Amr & Gil, José María, 2014. "Efficiency of Egyptian Organic Agriculture: a Local Maximum Likelihood Approach," 2014 International Congress, August 26-29, 2014, Ljubljana, Slovenia 183023, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    13. Mottaleb, Khandoker & Khanal, Aditya R. & Mishra, Ashok & Mohanty, Samrendu, 2014. "Rice Farmers’ Production Efficiency under Abiotic Stresses: the Case of Bangladesh," 2014 Annual Meeting, February 1-4, 2014, Dallas, Texas 162543, Southern Agricultural Economics Association.
    14. Ozbugday, Fatih Cemil & Tirgil, Abdullah & Kose, Elif Gul, 2020. "Efficiency changes in long-term care in OECD countries: A non-parametric Malmquist Index approach," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    15. Hansson, Helena, 2007. "Strategy factors as drivers and restraints on dairy farm performance: Evidence from Sweden," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 94(3), pages 726-737, June.
    16. Simar, Léopold & Wilson, Paul W., 2020. "Technical, allocative and overall efficiency: Estimation and inference," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 282(3), pages 1164-1176.
    17. Zahidul Islam, K.M. & Sumelius, John & Bäckman, Stefan, 2012. "Do differences in technical efficiency explain the adoption rate of HYV rice? Evidence from Bangladesh," Agricultural Economics Review, Greek Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 13(1), pages 1-18.
    18. Binam, Joachim Nyemeck & Tonye, Jean & wandji, Njankoua & Nyambi, Gwendoline & Akoa, Mireille, 2004. "Factors affecting the technical efficiency among smallholder farmers in the slash and burn agriculture zone of Cameroon," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 29(5), pages 531-545, October.
    19. Hagos, Hosaena Ghebru & Holden, Stein, 2013. "Efficiency and productivity differential effects of land certification program in Ethiopia : Quasi-experimental evidence from Tigray:," IFPRI discussion papers 1295, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    20. Calogero Guccio & Marco Ferdinando Martorana & Isidoro Mazza & Giacomo Pignataro & Ilde Rizzo, 2022. "Is innovation in ICT valuable for the efficiency of Italian museums?," European Planning Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 30(9), pages 1695-1716, September.

    More about this item

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:osf:africa:2r7qa. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: OSF (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://osf.io/preprints/africarxiv/discover .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.