Inflation Targeting: Does It Improve Economic Performance?

The last two decades witnessed a dramatic transformation of how central banks operate. An increasing number of central banks now use inflation targeting as their monetary policy control mechanism. A series of papers attempt to measure the effectiveness of inflation targeting on economic performance. The basic challenge in such tests is that inflation targeting appeared during a time when inflation trended downward across nearly all countries – those that did and did not adopt inflation targeting. This paper reviews the existing methods used to test for the effectiveness of inflation targeting and compares the findings of these different methods for both developed and developing countries. In general, inflation targeting does not affect economic performance in developed countries but does exert a positive effect on economic performance in developing countries. We conclude that the effectiveness of inflation targeting policy garners little, or only transitory, support based on evidence from developed countries. Much more support exists for developing countries.