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Jackknife Instrumental Variables Estimation

Author

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  • Joshua D. Angrist
  • Guido W. Imbens
  • Alan Krueger

Abstract

Two-stage-least-squares (2SLS) estimates are biased towards OLS estimates. This bias grows with the degree of over-identification and can generate highly misleading results. In this paper we propose two simple alternatives to 2SLS and limited-information-maximum-likelihood (LIML) estimators for models with more instruments than endogenous regressors. These estimators can be interpreted as instrumental variables procedures using an instrument that is independent of disturbances even in finite samples. Independence is achieved by using a `leave-one-out' jackknife-type fitted value in place of the usual first-stage equation. The new estimators are first-order equivalent to 2SLS but with finite-sample properties superior to those of 2SLS and similar to LIML when there are many instruments. Moreover, the jackknife estimators appear to be less sensitive than LIML to deviations from the linear reduced form used in classical simultaneous equations models.

Suggested Citation

  • Joshua D. Angrist & Guido W. Imbens & Alan Krueger, 1995. "Jackknife Instrumental Variables Estimation," NBER Technical Working Papers 0172, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    • Handle: RePEc:nbr:nberte:0172
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    JEL classification:

    • C31 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Cross-Sectional Models; Spatial Models; Treatment Effect Models; Quantile Regressions; Social Interaction Models

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