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With a little help from my website Firm survival and web presence in times of COVID-19 – Evidence from 10 European countries

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  • Joachim Wagner

    (Leuphana University, Lueneburg, Institute for the World Economy, Kiel, and IZA, Bonn)

Abstract

This paper uses firm level data from the World Bank Enterprise surveys conducted in 2019 and from the COVID-19 follow-up surveys conducted in 2020 in ten European countries to investigate the link between having a website before the pandemic and firm survival until 2020 .The estimated effect of web presence is statistically highly significant ceteris paribus after controlling for various firm characteristics that are known to be related to survival. Furthermore, the size of this estimated effect can be considered to be large on average. A web site helped firms to survive.

Suggested Citation

  • Joachim Wagner, 2021. "With a little help from my website Firm survival and web presence in times of COVID-19 – Evidence from 10 European countries," Working Paper Series in Economics 399, University of Lüneburg, Institute of Economics.
    • Handle: RePEc:lue:wpaper:399
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Joachim Wagner, 2016. "Exports, Imports and Firm Survival: First Evidence for Manufacturing Enterprises in Germany," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Microeconometrics of International Trade, chapter 10, pages 341-367, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    2. Elena Cefis & Orietta Marsili, 2005. "A matter of life and death: innovation and firm survival," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 14(6), pages 1167-1192, December.
    3. Joachim Wagner, 2016. "Exports and Productivity: A Survey of the Evidence from Firm Level Data," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Microeconometrics of International Trade, chapter 1, pages 3-41, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    4. Daniel Fackler & Claus Schnabel & Joachim Wagner, 2013. "Establishment exits in Germany: the role of size and age," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 41(3), pages 683-700, October.
    5. Joachim Wagner, 2016. "International Trade and Firm Performance: A Survey of Empirical Studies since 2006," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Microeconometrics of International Trade, chapter 2, pages 43-87, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    6. Joachim Wagner & John Philipp Weche Gelübcke, 2012. "Foreign Ownership and Firm Survival: First Evidence for Enterprises in Germany," International Economics, CEPII research center, issue 132, pages 117-139.
    7. John Baldwin & Beiling Yan, 2011. "The death of Canadian manufacturing plants: heterogeneous responses to changes in tariffs and real exchange rates," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 147(1), pages 131-167, April.
    8. Fariñas, Jose C. & Ruano, Sonia, 2005. "Firm productivity, heterogeneity, sunk costs and market selection," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 23(7-8), pages 505-534, September.
    9. David B. Audretsch, 1995. "Innovation and Industry Evolution," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262011468, April.
    10. Hopenhayn, Hugo A, 1992. "Entry, Exit, and Firm Dynamics in Long Run Equilibrium," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 60(5), pages 1127-1150, September.
    11. Waldkirch, Andreas, 2021. "Firms around the World during the COVID-19 Pandemic," Journal of Economic Integration, Center for Economic Integration, Sejong University, vol. 36(1), pages 3-19.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Miriam Bruhn & Asli Demirguc-Kunt & Dorothe Singer, 2023. "Competition and firm recovery post-COVID-19," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 61(4), pages 1555-1586, December.
    2. Joachim Wagner, 2021. "The Good have a Website Evidence on website premia for firms from 18 European countries," Working Paper Series in Economics 401, University of Lüneburg, Institute of Economics.
    3. Joachim Wagner, 2022. "Website premia for extensive margins of international firm activities Evidence for SMEs from 34 countries," Working Paper Series in Economics 410, University of Lüneburg, Institute of Economics.
    4. Joël Cariolle & Florian Léon, 2022. "How internet helped firms to cope with COVID-19," Working Papers hal-03592617, HAL.
    5. Kamaha Njiwa, Marinette & Atif, Muhammad & Arshad, Muhammad & Mirza, Nawazish, 2023. "The impact of female dominance on business resilience: A technology adoption perspective," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    6. Silvia Muzi & Filip Jolevski & Kohei Ueda & Domenico Viganola, 2023. "Productivity and firm exit during the COVID-19 crisis: cross-country evidence," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 60(4), pages 1719-1760, April.
    7. Axenbeck, Janna & Bertschek, Irene & Breithaupt, Patrick & Erdsiek, Daniel, 2023. "Firm digitalisation and mobility - Do Covid-19-related changes persist?," ZEW Discussion Papers 23-011, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    8. Joachim Wagner, 2022. "Firm survival and gender of firm owner in times of COVID-19 Evidence from 10 European countries," Working Paper Series in Economics 409, University of Lüneburg, Institute of Economics.
    9. Janzen, Benedikt & Radulescu, Doina, 2022. "Effects of COVID-19 related government response stringency and support policies: Evidence from European firms," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 129-145.
    10. Joachim Wagner, 2022. "Firm Survival and Gender of Firm Owner in Times of COVID-19: Evidence from 10 European Countries," Economies, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-8, April.
    11. Joachim Wagner, 2022. "Online Channels Sales Premia in Times of COVID-19: First Evidence from Germany," Working Paper Series in Economics 415, University of Lüneburg, Institute of Economics.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Web presence; firm survival; COVID-19; World Bank Enterprise Surveys;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D22 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis
    • L20 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - General
    • L25 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Firm Performance
    • L29 - Industrial Organization - - Firm Objectives, Organization, and Behavior - - - Other

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