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Firm Survival and Gender of Firm Owner in Times of COVID-19: Evidence from 10 European Countries

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  • Joachim Wagner

    (Kiel Institute for the World Economy, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, 21314 Lüneburg, Germany
    IZA Institute of Labour Economics, 53113 Bonn, Germany)

Abstract

This paper uses firm level data from World Bank Enterprise surveys conducted in 2019, and COVID-19 follow-up surveys conducted in 2020, in ten European countries to investigate the link between the gender of the firm’s owner and the firm’s survival until 2020. The empirical investigation uses econometric models that control for the firm’s characteristics that are known to be related to firm survival. The estimated effect of female ownership is positive ceteris paribus. Furthermore, the size of this estimated effect can be considered to be large on average. Having a female owner helped firms to survive.

Suggested Citation

  • Joachim Wagner, 2022. "Firm Survival and Gender of Firm Owner in Times of COVID-19: Evidence from 10 European Countries," Economies, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-8, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jecomi:v:10:y:2022:i:5:p:98-:d:798557
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Elena Cefis & Orietta Marsili, 2005. "A matter of life and death: innovation and firm survival," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 14(6), pages 1167-1192, December.
    2. Joachim Wagner, 2010. "Entry, Exit and Productivity: Empirical Results for German Manufacturing Industries," German Economic Review, Verein für Socialpolitik, vol. 11(1), pages 78-85, February.
    3. Daniel Fackler & Claus Schnabel & Joachim Wagner, 2013. "Establishment exits in Germany: the role of size and age," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 41(3), pages 683-700, October.
    4. Joachim Wagner & John Philipp Weche Gelübcke, 2012. "Foreign Ownership and Firm Survival: First Evidence for Enterprises in Germany," International Economics, CEPII research center, issue 132, pages 117-139.
    5. Joachim Wagner, 2021. "With a little help from my website Firm survival and web presence in times of COVID-19 – Evidence from 10 European countries," Working Paper Series in Economics 399, University of Lüneburg, Institute of Economics.
    6. Fariñas, Jose C. & Ruano, Sonia, 2005. "Firm productivity, heterogeneity, sunk costs and market selection," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 23(7-8), pages 505-534, September.
    7. Joachim Wagner, 2007. "Exports and Productivity in Germany," Applied Economics Quarterly (formerly: Konjunkturpolitik), Duncker & Humblot, Berlin, vol. 53(4), pages 353-373.
    8. repec:cii:cepiei:2012-q4-132-4 is not listed on IDEAS
    9. John Baldwin & Beiling Yan, 2011. "The death of Canadian manufacturing plants: heterogeneous responses to changes in tariffs and real exchange rates," Review of World Economics (Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv), Springer;Institut für Weltwirtschaft (Kiel Institute for the World Economy), vol. 147(1), pages 131-167, April.
    10. David B. Audretsch, 1995. "Innovation and Industry Evolution," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262011468, April.
    11. Waldkirch, Andreas, 2021. "Firms around the World during the COVID-19 Pandemic," Journal of Economic Integration, Center for Economic Integration, Sejong University, vol. 36(1), pages 3-19.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    Cited by:

    1. Joachim Wagner, 2023. "Exports and firm survival in times of COVID-19 – Evidence from eight European countries," Working Paper Series in Economics 422, University of Lüneburg, Institute of Economics.
    2. Wagner Joachim, 2024. "Exports and Firm Survival in Times of COVID-19 – Evidence from Eight European Countries," Review of Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 75(1), pages 63-70, April.
    3. Janzen, Benedikt & Radulescu, Doina, 2022. "Effects of COVID-19 related government response stringency and support policies: Evidence from European firms," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 129-145.
    4. Wagner, Joachim, 2023. "Exports and firm survival in times of COVID-19: Evidence from eight European countries," KCG Working Papers 29, Kiel Centre for Globalization (KCG).

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