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Income Distribution and Social Expenditures: A Crossnational Perspective

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  • Lars Osberg
  • Jonathan Schwabish
  • Timothy Smeeding

Abstract

We assemble data from several different sources to examine the cross-national effects of inequality and trust on social expenditures. We find that the inequality between the middle classes and the poor (as measured by the 50/10 percentile ratio) has a small, positive impact in social spending; but inequality between the ends of the distribution and middle class (measured by the 90/50 percentile ratio) has a large and negative impact on social spending. Different measures of trust are shown to have a large and positive impact on spending, implying that more cohesive, trusting societies are more willing to share economic resources with others not so fortunate. Our results suggest that as the rich become more distant from the middle and lower classes, they find it easier to opt out of public programs and to buy substitutes for social insurance in the private market. This funding implies that over time rising inequality will erode support for social institutions and social spending that provides insurance against income loss, upward mobility for the disadvantaged, and equality of opportunity for all citizens.

Suggested Citation

  • Lars Osberg & Jonathan Schwabish & Timothy Smeeding, 2004. "Income Distribution and Social Expenditures: A Crossnational Perspective," LIS Working papers 350, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.
    • Handle: RePEc:lis:liswps:350
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    Cited by:

    1. Leah Platt Boustan & Fernando Ferreira & Hernan Winkler & Eric Zolt, 2010. "Income Inequality and Local Government in the United States, 1970-2000," NBER Working Papers 16299, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Ursula Dallinger, 2015. "Public redistribution and voter demand – The middle class as a modern Robin Hood?," LIS Working papers 630, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.
    3. Bandyopadhyay, Sanghamitra & Esteban, Joan, 2007. "Redistributive taxation and public expenditures," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 6537, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.

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