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Mental Health Costs of Lockdowns: Evidence from Age-Specific Curfews in Turkey

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  • Altindag, Onur

    (Bentley University)

  • Erten, Bilge

    (Northeastern University)

  • Keskin, Pinar

    (Wellesley College)

Abstract

Using a strict, age-specific lockdown order for adults aged 65 and older in Turkey, we examine the mental health consequences of an extended period of tight mobility restrictions on senior adults. Adopting a regression discontinuity design, we find that the curfew-induced decline in mobility substantially worsened mental health outcomes, including somatic and nonsomatic symptoms of mental distress (approximately 0.2 standard deviation). Exploring potential channels, we document an increase in social and physical isolation, with no evidence of robust changes in labor market outcomes or intrahousehold conflict for this subpopulation.

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  • Altindag, Onur & Erten, Bilge & Keskin, Pinar, 2021. "Mental Health Costs of Lockdowns: Evidence from Age-Specific Curfews in Turkey," IZA Discussion Papers 14281, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp14281
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    Cited by:

    1. Michael Vlassopoulos & Abu Siddique & Tabassum Rahman & Debayan Pakrashi & Asad Islam & Firoz Ahmed, 2024. "Improving Women's Mental Health during a Pandemic," American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, American Economic Association, vol. 16(2), pages 422-455, April.
    2. Di Maio, Michele & Fasani, Francesco & Sciabolazza, Valerio Leone & Molini, Vasco, 2022. "Facing Displacement and a Global Pandemic: Evidence from a Fragile State," IZA Discussion Papers 15134, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    3. Quintana-Domeque Climent & Proto Eugenio, 2022. "On the Persistence of Mental Health Deterioration during the COVID-19 Pandemic by Sex and Ethnicity in the UK: Evidence from Understanding Society," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 22(2), pages 361-372, April.
    4. Quintana-Domeque, Climent & Zeng, Jingya, 2023. "COVID-19 and Mental Health: Natural Experiments of the Costs of Lockdowns," IZA Discussion Papers 16532, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    5. Francesco Bogliacino & Cristiano Codagnone & Frans Folkvord & Francisco Lupiáñez-Villanueva, 2023. "The impact of labour market shocks on mental health: evidence from the Covid-19 first wave," Economia Politica: Journal of Analytical and Institutional Economics, Springer;Fondazione Edison, vol. 40(3), pages 899-930, October.
    6. Gokben Aydilek & Deniz Karaoglan, 2024. "Double Lockdown: Unravelling the Impact of Age-targeted COVID-19 Restrictions on Senior Women’s Health," Working Papers 2024-01, Gebze Technical University, Department of Economics.
    7. Brotherhood, Luiz & Kircher, Philipp & Santos, Cezar & Tertilt, Michèle, 2023. "Optimal Age-based Policies for Pandemics: An Economic Analysis of Covid-19 and Beyond," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 13295, Inter-American Development Bank.
    8. Francesca Marazzi & Andrea Piano Mortari & Federico Belotti & Giuseppe Carrà & Ciro Cattuto & Joanna Kopinska & Daniela Paolotti & Vincenzo Atella, 2022. "Staying Strong, But For How Long? Mental Health During COVID-19 in Italy," CEIS Research Paper 541, Tor Vergata University, CEIS, revised 26 Apr 2022.
    9. Altindag, Onur & Erten, Bilge & Keskin, Pinar, 2023. "A Reply to Comment by Bonander et al. (2023)," I4R Discussion Paper Series 17, The Institute for Replication (I4R).
    10. Climent Quintana-Domeque & Jingya Zeng & Xiaohui Zhang, 2023. "Internet and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from the UK," Oxford Open Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 2, pages 433-459.
    11. García-Prado, Ariadna & González, Paula & Rebollo-Sanz, Yolanda F., 2022. "Lockdown strictness and mental health effects among older populations in Europe," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 45(C).
    12. Valerie Mueller & Karen Grépin & Atonu Rabbani & Anne Ngunjiri & Amy Oyekunle & Clare Wenham, 2023. "Domestic Burdens Amid Covid-19 and Women’s Mental Health in Middle-Income Africa," Feminist Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 29(2), pages 192-218, April.
    13. Lindley, Joanne & Rienzo, Cinzia, 2021. "The Effect of Repeated Lockdowns during the Covid-19 Pandemic on UK Mental Health Outcomes," GLO Discussion Paper Series 977, Global Labor Organization (GLO).
    14. , 2023. "The Political Consequences of Vaccines: Quasi-experimental Evidence from Eligibility Rules," Working Papers 953, Queen Mary University of London, School of Economics and Finance.
    15. Ariadna García-Prado & Paula González & Yolanda F. Rebollo-Sanz, 2024. "Confinement policies: controlling contagion without compromising mental health," Working Papers 24.03, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Department of Economics.
    16. Harley Frazis, 2024. "Sources of increases in time alone during the COVID pandemic: evidence from the American Time Use Survey," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 22(3), pages 965-997, September.
    17. Foremny, Dirk & Sorribas-Navarro, Pilar & Vall Castelló, Judit, 2024. "Income insecurity and mental health in pandemic times," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    18. David J. Hebert & Michael D. Curry, 2022. "Optimal lockdowns," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 193(3), pages 263-274, December.
    19. Czura, Kristina & Englmaier, Florian & Ho, Hoa & Spantig, Lisa, 2022. "Microfinance loan officers before and during Covid-19: Evidence from India," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 152(C).
    20. Stankov, Petar, 2024. "Will voters polarize over pandemic restrictions? Theory and evidence from COVID-19," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    21. Bonander, Carl & Chauca Strand, Gabriella & Jakobsson, Niklas, 2023. "Direct replication and additional sensitivity analyses for Altindag et al. (2022): A replication report from the Oslo Replication Games," I4R Discussion Paper Series 16, The Institute for Replication (I4R).
    22. Molina, Teresa & Cho, Yoon Y., 2024. "The Importance of Existing Social Protection Programs for Mental Health in Pandemic Times," IZA Discussion Papers 16737, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    23. Brotherhood, Luiz & Kircher, Philipp & Santos, Cezar & Tertilt, Michele, 2024. "Optimal Age-based Policies for Pandemics: An Economic Analysis of Covid-19 and Beyond," LIDAM Discussion Papers CORE 2024012, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    COVID-19; mental health; lockdown; regression discontinuity; Turkey;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
    • I31 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - General Welfare, Well-Being
    • O15 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration

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