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Being Poorer than the Rest of the Neighbourhood: Relative Deprivation and Problem Behaviour of Youth

Author

Listed:
  • Nieuwenhuis, Jaap

    (Zhejiang University)

  • van Ham, Maarten

    (Delft University of Technology)

  • Yu, Rongqin

    (University of Oxford)

  • Branje, Susan

    (Utrecht University)

  • Meeus, Wim

    (Utrecht University)

  • Hooimeijer, Pieter

    (Utrecht University)

Abstract

According to the neighbourhood effects hypothesis, there is a negative relation between neighbourhood wealth and youths' problem behaviour. It is often assumed that there are more problems in deprived neighbourhoods, but there are also reports of higher rates of behavioural problems in more affluent neighbourhoods. Much of this literature does not take into account relative wealth. Our central question was whether the economic position of adolescents' families relative to the neighbourhood in which they lived, was related to adolescents' internalising and externalising problem behaviour. We used longitudinal data for youths between 12-21 years of age, combined with population register data. We employ between-within models to account for time-invariant confounders, including parental background characteristics. Our findings show that for adolescents, moving to a more affluent neighbourhood was related to increased levels of depression, social phobia, aggression, and conflict with father and mother. This could be indirect evidence for the relative deprivation mechanism, but we could not confirm this, and we did not find any gender differences. The results do suggest that future research should further investigate the role of individuals' relative position in their neighbourhood in order not to overgeneralise neighbourhood effects and to find out for whom neighbourhoods matter.

Suggested Citation

  • Nieuwenhuis, Jaap & van Ham, Maarten & Yu, Rongqin & Branje, Susan & Meeus, Wim & Hooimeijer, Pieter, 2016. "Being Poorer than the Rest of the Neighbourhood: Relative Deprivation and Problem Behaviour of Youth," IZA Discussion Papers 10220, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp10220
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Jaap Nieuwenhuis & Beate Völker & Henk Flap, 2013. "“A Bad Neighbour Is as Great a Plague as a Good One Is a Great Blessing†: On Negative Relationships between Neighbours," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 50(14), pages 2904-2921, November.
    2. Petra Visser & Frank Van Dam & Pieter Hooimeijer, 2008. "Residential Environment And Spatial Variation In House Prices In The Netherlands," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 99(3), pages 348-360, July.
    3. Maarten van Ham & David Manley, 2010. "The effect of neighbourhood housing tenure mix on labour market outcomes: a longitudinal investigation of neighbourhood effects," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 10(2), pages 257-282, March.
    4. Bell, Andrew & Jones, Kelvyn, 2015. "Explaining Fixed Effects: Random Effects Modeling of Time-Series Cross-Sectional and Panel Data," Political Science Research and Methods, Cambridge University Press, vol. 3(1), pages 133-153, January.
    5. Galster, George, 2002. "An economic efficiency analysis of deconcentrating poverty populations," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 11(4), pages 303-329, December.
    6. George C. Galster & Jurgen Friedrichs, 2015. "The Dialectic of Neighborhood Social Mix: Editors' Introduction to the Special Issue," Housing Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 30(2), pages 175-191, March.
    7. Lina Hedman & David Manley & Maarten van Ham & John Östh, 2015. "Cumulative exposure to disadvantage and the intergenerational transmission of neighbourhood effects," Journal of Economic Geography, Oxford University Press, vol. 15(1), pages 195-215.
    8. Donna Ginther & Robert Haveman & Barbara Wolfe, 2000. "Neighborhood Attributes as Determinants of Children's Outcomes: How Robust Are the Relationships?," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 35(4), pages 603-642.
    9. Marie-Hélène Bacqué & Eric Charmes & Stéphanie Vermeersch, 2014. "The Middle Class ‘at Home among the Poor’ — How Social Mix is Lived in Parisian Suburbs: Between Local Attachment and Metropolitan Practices," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(4), pages 1211-1233, July.
    10. Leventhal, T. & Brooks-Gunn, J., 2003. "Moving to Oppurtunity: An Experimental Study of Neighborhood Effects on Mental Health," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 93(9), pages 1576-1582.
    11. Maarten van Ham & David Manley, 2012. "Neighbourhood Effects Research at a Crossroads. Ten Challenges for Future Research Introduction," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 44(12), pages 2787-2793, December.
    12. Kessler, Ronald & Duncan, Greg J. & Gennetian, Lisa A. & Katz, Lawrence F. & Kling, Jeffrey R. & Sampson, Nancy A. & Sanbonmatsu, Lisa & Zaslavsky, Alan M. & Ludwig, Jens, 2014. "Associations of Housing Mobility Interventions for Children in High-Poverty Neighborhoods With Subsequent Mental Disorders During Adolescence," Scholarly Articles 34309063, Harvard University Department of Economics.
    13. Nieuwenhuis, Jaap & Hooimeijer, Pieter & van Ham, Maarten & Meeus, Wim, 2013. "Neighbourhood Effects on Migrant Youth's Educational Commitments: An Enquiry into Personality Differences," IZA Discussion Papers 7510, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    14. Maarten van Ham & David Manley, 2012. "Neighbourhood Effects Research at a Crossroads: Ten Challenges for Future Research," RatSWD Working Papers 204, German Data Forum (RatSWD).
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    Cited by:

    1. Mijs, Jonathan Jan Benjamin & Nieuwenhuis, Jaap, 2018. "The Great British Sorting Machine: Adolescents’ future in the balance of family, school and the neighborhood," SocArXiv ac7ew, Center for Open Science.
    2. Nieuwenhuis, Jaap & Best, Matt & Vogel, Matt & van Ham, Maarten & Branje, Susan & Meeus, Wim, 2021. "Exposure to Neighborhood Violence and Child-Parent Conflict among a Longitudinal Sample of Dutch Adolescents," IZA Discussion Papers 14587, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    3. Kleinepier, Tom & van Ham, Maarten, 2018. "The Temporal Dynamics of Neighborhood Disadvantage in Childhood and Subsequent Problem Behavior in Adolescence," IZA Discussion Papers 11397, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    neighbourhood effects; externalising problems; internalising problems; relative deprivation; adolescents; residential mobility;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I30 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - General
    • R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population

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