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A Theoretical Analysis of the Influence of Money Injections on Risk Taking in Football Clubs

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  • Egon Franck

    (Department of Business Administration, University of Zurich)

  • Markus Lang

    (Department of Business Administration, University of Zurich)

Abstract

Third party money injections of benefactors (sugar daddies) function as a bailout mechanism for otherwise insolvent football clubs. The successful implementation of the new UEFA "financial fair play" regulations will abrogate this bailout mechanism. We develop a theoretical model of a representative club and a sugar daddy to study the adverse incentive effects produced by the money injections of sugar daddies. We show that the existence of a sugar daddy induces the club to choose a riskier investment strategy and the more the sugar daddy commits to bailout the club, the more the clubs' optimal level of riskiness increases. Moreover, a private sugar daddy bails out the club less often than a public sugar daddy. Our model further shows that a "too-big-to-fail" phenomenon exists because it is optimal to always bailout a club if its market size is sufficiently large. Finally, we derive conditions under which the FFP and the pre-FFP regulations, respectively, are desirable from a welfare perspective.

Suggested Citation

  • Egon Franck & Markus Lang, 2013. "A Theoretical Analysis of the Influence of Money Injections on Risk Taking in Football Clubs," Working Papers 0160, University of Zurich, Institute for Strategy and Business Economics (ISU).
    • Handle: RePEc:iso:wpaper:0160
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    1. Markus Lang & Martin Grossmann & Philipp Theiler, 2011. "The Sugar Daddy Game: How Wealthy Investors Change Competition in Professional Team Sports," Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics (JITE), Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen, vol. 167(4), pages 557-577, December.
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    Cited by:

    1. Gallagher, Ronan & Quinn, Barry, 2019. "Regulatory Own Goals: The Unintended Consequences of Economic Regulation in Professional Football," QBS Working Paper Series 2019/02, Queen's University Belfast, Queen's Business School.
    2. Thomas Peeters & Stefan Szymanski, 2014. "Financial fair play in European football [v. National Football League, 560 (The Supreme Court May 24, 2010)]," Economic Policy, CEPR, CESifo, Sciences Po;CES;MSH, vol. 29(78), pages 343-390.
    3. Marc Rohde & Christoph Breuer, 2016. "Europe’s Elite Football: Financial Growth, Sporting Success, Transfer Investment, and Private Majority Investors," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 4(2), pages 1-20, June.
    4. Alabi, Mobolaji & Urquhart, Andrew, 2024. "The financial impact of financial fair play regulation: Evidence from the English premier league," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 92(C).
    5. Sonin, Konstantin & Grabar, Vsevolod, 2018. "Financial Restrictions and Competitive Balance in Sports Leagues," CEPR Discussion Papers 13154, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    6. Egon Franck, 2018. "European Club Football after “Five Treatments” with Financial Fair Play—Time for an Assessment," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 6(4), pages 1-19, December.
    7. Aurélien François & Nadine Dermit-Richard & Daniel Plumley & Robert Wilson, 2021. "Analyzing the effectiveness of UEFA's financial fair play regulations: A comparative study of the French Ligue 1 and the English Premier League [L'analyse du fair-play financier au prisme de son ef," Working Papers hal-03167685, HAL.
    8. Marc Rohde & Christoph Breuer, 2018. "Competing by investments or efficiency? Exploring financial and sporting efficiency of club ownership structures in European football," Sport Management Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(5), pages 563-581, December.
    9. Budzinski, Oliver, 2017. "Sind Wettbewerbe im Profisport Rattenrennen?," Ilmenau Economics Discussion Papers 104, Ilmenau University of Technology, Institute of Economics.
    10. David Alaminos & Manuel Ángel Fernández, 2019. "Why do football clubs fail financially? A financial distress prediction model for European professional football industry," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(12), pages 1-15, December.
    11. Girish Ramchandani & Daniel Plumley & Adam Davis & Rob Wilson, 2023. "A Review of Competitive Balance in European Football Leagues before and after Financial Fair Play Regulations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-15, February.
    12. Richard Evans, 2024. "The S-Score of Financial Sustainability for Professional Football Clubs," Journal of Sports Economics, , vol. 25(3), pages 322-345, April.
    13. Egon Franck, 2014. "Financial Fair Play in European Club Football: What Is It All About?," International Journal of Sport Finance, Fitness Information Technology, vol. 9(3), pages 193-217, August.
    14. Jérémy Moulard & Markus Lang & Nadine Dermit-Richard, 2022. "Soft Budget Constraints in French Football through Public Financing of Stadiums," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-19, December.
    15. Peter J. Sloane, 2015. "The Economics of Professional Football Revisited," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 62(1), pages 1-7, February.
    16. Åse Jacobsen & Morten Kringstad & Tor-Eirik Olsen, 2021. "Extraordinary Funding and a Financially Viable Football Industry—Friends or Foes? A Norwegian Football League Perspective," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-19, March.
    17. Paul Madden, 2014. "Does Break-Even Regulation of Soccer Clubs Make Sense?," Economics Discussion Paper Series 1405, Economics, The University of Manchester.
    18. PEETERS, Thomas & SZYMANSKI, Stefan, 2012. "Vertical restraints in soccer: Financial fair play and the English Premier League," Working Papers 2012028, University of Antwerp, Faculty of Business and Economics.
    19. Hammerschmidt, Jonas & Durst, Susanne & Kraus, Sascha & Puumalainen, Kaisu, 2021. "Professional football clubs and empirical evidence from the COVID-19 crisis: Time for sport entrepreneurship?," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    20. Havran, Zsolt & András, Krisztina, 2022. "A puha költségvetési korlát szindrómája a hivatásos labdarúgásban. Kitekintés a nemzetközi és a magyarországi sajátosságokra [The soft-budget constraint in professional football syndrome. A view of," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(2), pages 230-254.
    21. Aurélien François & Nadine Dermit-Richard & Daniel Plumley & Robert Wilson, 2021. "Analyzing the effectiveness of UEFA's financial fair play regulations: A comparative study of the French Ligue 1 and the English Premier League [L'analyse du fair-play financier au prisme de son ef," Post-Print hal-03167685, HAL.
    22. Aloys Prinz & Stefan Thiem, 2021. "Value‐maximizing football clubs," Scottish Journal of Political Economy, Scottish Economic Society, vol. 68(5), pages 605-622, November.
    23. Richau, Lukas & Follert, Florian & Frenger, Monika & Emrich, Eike, 2021. "The Rainmaker?! The impact of investors on transfer fees in the English Premier League," Working Paper 187/2021, Helmut Schmidt University, Hamburg.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Regulation; sports; UEFA; risk; bailout;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C72 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory - - - Noncooperative Games
    • D43 - Microeconomics - - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design - - - Oligopoly and Other Forms of Market Imperfection
    • D72 - Microeconomics - - Analysis of Collective Decision-Making - - - Political Processes: Rent-seeking, Lobbying, Elections, Legislatures, and Voting Behavior
    • L13 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
    • L83 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Services - - - Sports; Gambling; Restaurants; Recreation; Tourism

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