IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/ise/remwps/wp02402022.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Are Public Sector Banks in India a Government Failure? -A Comparative Empirical Analysis of Public Sector and Private Sector Banks in India

Author

Listed:
  • Sahil Chopra

Abstract

To extend banking services to the Indian rural sector, an act was passed in 1976 and then in 1980 to nationalize the banks. Giving the name to such an approach as social banking. Banking sector in India, therefore, has been bifurcated into public sector banks, private sector banks, foreign banks, regional rural banks, urban cooperative banks and rural cooperative banks. Many studies have assessed the performance of private and public sector banks. Such research has evaluated the performance of private and public sector banks by estimating bank-specific and macroeconomic parameters. However, not many quantitative literatures are available which have estimated the impact of ownership on bank performance by considering ownership as one of the bank-specific independent variables to evaluate the impact of ownership on bank profitability. This paper seeks to fill this gap by examining the determinants of profitability on the account of ownership, and it uses an independently constructed dataset containing all commercial public and private sector banks in India as on April 2020. The data ranges from 2004 to 2020. The justification to measure the impact of ownership comes from the theory of Government failure, which mainly points out how government intervention can result in costly solutions. Therefore, by adding the independent variable in an already established model, we can assess the impact of ownership. Banks’ characteristics are collected from respective banks’ websites, and the hypotheses are tested by estimating an econometric model, i.e. a pooled OLS model. The results are promising: the banking industry as a whole is not performing well, however government owned banks are showcasing the worst performances. The reason for this can be the huge amount of loans sanctioned in priority sectors and fraudulent cases which may be due to the presence of interest groups, corruption and inefficiency of employees in public sectors.

Suggested Citation

  • Sahil Chopra, 2022. "Are Public Sector Banks in India a Government Failure? -A Comparative Empirical Analysis of Public Sector and Private Sector Banks in India," Working Papers REM 2022/0240, ISEG - Lisbon School of Economics and Management, REM, Universidade de Lisboa.
    • Handle: RePEc:ise:remwps:wp02402022
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://rem.rc.iseg.ulisboa.pt/wps/pdf/REM_WP_0240_2022.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Glenn Furton & Adam Martin, 2019. "Beyond market failure and government failure," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 178(1), pages 197-216, January.
    2. Clifford Winston, 2000. "Government Failure in Urban Transportation," Fiscal Studies, Institute for Fiscal Studies, vol. 21(4), pages 403-425, December.
    3. Rafael La Porta & Florencio Lopez‐De‐Silanes & Andrei Shleifer, 2002. "Government Ownership of Banks," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 57(1), pages 265-301, February.
    4. Eduardo Levy Yeyati & Alejandro Micco & Ugo Panizza, 2004. "Should the Government Be in the Banking Business? The Role of State-Owned and Development Banks," Research Department Publications 4379, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
    5. Micco, Alejandro & Panizza, Ugo & Yanez, Monica, 2007. "Bank ownership and performance. Does politics matter?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(1), pages 219-241, January.
    6. Francis M. Bator, 1958. "The Anatomy of Market Failure," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 72(3), pages 351-379.
    7. Dieter Helm, 2010. "Government failure, rent-seeking, and capture: the design of climate change policy," Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford University Press and Oxford Review of Economic Policy Limited, vol. 26(2), pages 182-196, Summer.
    8. Madhu Sehrawat & A K Giri, 2016. "Financial development and poverty reduction in India: an empirical investigation," International Journal of Social Economics, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 43(2), pages 106-122, February.
    9. Nikhil Garg, 2019. "Decoding the Great Indian Recapitalisation Plan: Restoring the Health of Public Sector Banks in India," South Asian Survey, , vol. 26(1), pages 28-54, March.
    10. Eissa A. Al‐Homaidi & Mosab I. Tabash & Najib H. Farhan & Faozi A. Almaqtari, 2019. "The determinants of liquidity of Indian listed commercial banks: A panel data approach," Cogent Economics & Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 7(1), pages 1616521-161, January.
    11. Faozi A. Almaqtari & Eissa A. Al‐Homaidi & Mosab I. Tabash & Najib H. Farhan, 2019. "The determinants of profitability of Indian commercial banks: A panel data approach," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 24(1), pages 168-185, January.
    12. Rosemarie Fike & James Gwartney, 2015. "Public Choice, Market Failure, and Government Failure in Principles Textbooks," The Journal of Economic Education, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 46(2), pages 207-218, April.
    13. Eduardo Levy Yeyati & Alejandro Micco & Ugo Panizza, 2004. "Should the Government Be in the Banking Business? The Role of State-Owned and Development Banks," Research Department Publications 4379, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sahil Chopra, 2022. "Are Public Sector Banks in India a Government Failure? A Comparative Empirical Analysis of Public Sector and Private Sector Banks [Les banques du secteur public en Inde sont-elles un échec pour le ," Post-Print hal-04006720, HAL.
    2. Marco FRIGERIO & Daniela VANDONE, 2018. "Virtuous or Vicious? Development Banks in Europe," Departmental Working Papers 2018-07, Department of Economics, Management and Quantitative Methods at Università degli Studi di Milano.
    3. Frigerio, Marco & Vandone, Daniela, 2020. "European development banks and the political cycle," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    4. Waidelich, Paul & Steffen, Bjarne, 2024. "Renewable energy financing by state investment banks: Evidence from OECD countries," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    5. Udayshankar Sarkar, 2015. "A Comparative Profitability and Operating Efficiency Analysis of Public and Private Banks in Bangladesh," Quarterly Journal of Business Studies, Research Academy of Social Sciences, vol. 1(1), pages 17-23.
    6. Mariana Mazzucato & Caetano C.R. Penna, 2016. "Beyond market failures: the market creating and shaping roles of state investment banks," Journal of Economic Policy Reform, Taylor and Francis Journals, vol. 19(4), pages 305-326, October.
    7. Bonomo, Marco & Brito, Ricardo D. & Martins, Bruno, 2015. "The after crisis government-driven credit expansion in Brazil: A firm level analysis," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 111-134.
    8. Dumitriu, Ramona & Stefanescu, Razvan & Nistor, Costel, 2012. "State - owned banks from Romania," MPRA Paper 52768, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised Jan 2013.
    9. Micco, Alejandro & Panizza, Ugo & Yanez, Monica, 2007. "Bank ownership and performance. Does politics matter?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 31(1), pages 219-241, January.
    10. Panizza, Ugo & Micco, Alejandro & Yañez, Mónica, 2006. "Propiedad y Desempeño de la Banca: ¿Importa la Política?," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 2168, Inter-American Development Bank.
    11. Simone Miyuki Hirakawa & Rodrigo De Losso da Silveira Bueno, 2011. "Does location matter toexplain loan interest rates? Evidence from Brazilian local bankingmarkets," Anais do XXXVII Encontro Nacional de Economia [Proceedings of the 37th Brazilian Economics Meeting] 127, ANPEC - Associação Nacional dos Centros de Pós-Graduação em Economia [Brazilian Association of Graduate Programs in Economics].
    12. Wesen Legessa Tekatel & Beyene Yosef Nurebo, 2019. "Comparing Financial Performance of State Owned Commercial Bank with Privately Owned Commercial Banks in Ethiopia," European Journal of Business Science and Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Business and Economics, vol. 5(2), pages 200-217.
    13. Gomes, Matheus da Costa & Valle, Mauricio Ribeiro do, 2023. "Do companies that benefit from development banks' funding invest more? New evidence from Brazil," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    14. Manthos D. Delis & Sotirios Kokas & Steven Ongena, 2016. "Foreign Ownership and Market Power in Banking: Evidence from a World Sample," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 48(2-3), pages 449-483, March.
    15. Eduardo Fernández-Arias & Ricardo Hausmann & Ugo Panizza, 2020. "Smart Development Banks," Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade, Springer, vol. 20(2), pages 395-420, June.
    16. Wang, Li & Menkhoff, Lukas & Schröder, Michael & Xu, Xian, 2019. "Politicians’ promotion incentives and bank risk exposure in China," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 63-94.
    17. Enrica Detragiache & Thierry Tressel & Poonam Gupta, 2008. "Foreign Banks in Poor Countries: Theory and Evidence," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 63(5), pages 2123-2160, October.
    18. Marco Bonomo & Ricardo Brito & Bruno Martins, 2014. "Macroeconomic and Financial Consequences of the After Crisis Government-Driven Credit Expansion in Brazil," Working Papers Series 378, Central Bank of Brazil, Research Department.
    19. Torres, Ernani & Zeidan, Rodrigo, 2016. "The life-cycle of national development banks: The experience of Brazil's BNDES," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 97-104.
    20. Micco, Alejandro & Panizza, Ugo & Yañez, Mónica, 2004. "Bank Ownership and Performance," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 1544, Inter-American Development Bank.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Government Failure; Empirical Analysis; Public Sector Banks; Panel Data; Pooled OLS model;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C30 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - General
    • H83 - Public Economics - - Miscellaneous Issues - - - Public Administration
    • I38 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Government Programs; Provision and Effects of Welfare Programs

    NEP fields

    This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports:

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ise:remwps:wp02402022. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Sandra Araújo (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://rem.rc.iseg.ulisboa.pt/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.