IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/imf/imfwpa/2015-093.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Too Much of a Good Thing? Prudent Management of Inflows under Economic Citizenship Programs

Author

Listed:
  • Ms. Xin Cindy Xu
  • Ahmed El-Ashram
  • Judith Gold

Abstract

Economic Citizenship Programs (ECPs) have recently been proliferating, with large and potentially volatile inflows of investment and fiscal revenues generating significant benefits for small economies, but also posing substantial challenges. This paper discusses recent developments and implications of such programs for fiscal discipline and the real economy, including risks to macroeconomic and financial stability, with a focus on small state economies. It discusses the prudent management of these programs, overviews strategies to minimize risks to various sectors, and addresses potential governance and integrity challenges. The paper proposes a framework for managing inflows and savings from ECPs to contain macroeconomic risks, and it recommends the establishment of a sovereign wealth fund (SWF) where such revenues are large and persistent.

Suggested Citation

  • Ms. Xin Cindy Xu & Ahmed El-Ashram & Judith Gold, 2015. "Too Much of a Good Thing? Prudent Management of Inflows under Economic Citizenship Programs," IMF Working Papers 2015/093, International Monetary Fund.
    • Handle: RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2015/093
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/cat/longres.aspx?sk=42884
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Araujo, Juliana D. & Li, Bin Grace & Poplawski-Ribeiro, Marcos & Zanna, Luis-Felipe, 2016. "Current account norms in natural resource rich and capital scarce economies," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 144-156.
    2. Abdullah Alhassan & Mr. Michael G. Papaioannou & Martin Skancke & Cheng Chih Sung, 2013. "Sovereign Wealth Funds: Aspects of Governance Structures and Investment Management," IMF Working Papers 2013/231, International Monetary Fund.
    3. Andrew Berg & Rafael Portillo & Shu-Chun S Yang & Luis-Felipe Zanna, 2013. "Public Investment in Resource-Abundant Developing Countries," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 61(1), pages 92-129, April.
    4. Mr. H. Takizawa & Mr. E. H. Gardner & Mr. Kenichi Ueda, 2004. "Are Developing Countries Better Off Spending Their Oil Wealth Upfront?," IMF Working Papers 2004/141, International Monetary Fund.
    5. Mr. Paulo A Medas & Ms. Daria V Zakharova, 2009. "A Primeron Fiscal Analysis in Oil-Producing Countries," IMF Working Papers 2009/056, International Monetary Fund.
    6. Mr. Christian B. Mulder & Mr. Amadou N Sy & Miss Yinqiu Lu & Mr. Udaibir S Das, 2009. "Setting Up a Sovereign Wealth Fund: Some Policy and Operational Considerations," IMF Working Papers 2009/179, International Monetary Fund.
    7. Mr. Paulo A Medas & Mr. Eric Le Borgne, 2007. "Sovereign Wealth Funds in the Pacific Island Countries: Macro-Fiscal Linkages," IMF Working Papers 2007/297, International Monetary Fund.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Imam Patrick Amir & Kpodar Kangni, 2021. "Does an Inclusive Citizenship Law Promote Economic Development?," Review of Law & Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 17(1), pages 35-69, March.
    2. Lokman Gunduz & Ismail H. Genc & Ahmet Faruk Aysan, 2022. "Buying Citizenship: A Boon to District-Level House Prices in Istanbul," Housing Policy Debate, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 32(4-5), pages 697-712, July.
    3. Langenmayr, Dominika & Zyska, Lennard, 2023. "Escaping the exchange of information: Tax evasion via citizenship-by-investment," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
    4. Casi, Elisa & Spengel, Christoph & Stage, Barbara M.B., 2020. "Cross-border tax evasion after the common reporting standard: Game over?," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
    5. Dominika Langenmayr & Lennard Zyska, 2021. "Avoiding Taxes: Escaping the Exchange of Information: Tax Evasion via Citizenship-by-Investment," Working Papers 204, Bavarian Graduate Program in Economics (BGPE).
    6. Owen Parker, 2017. "Commercializing Citizenship in Crisis EU: The Case of Immigrant Investor Programmes," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 55(2), pages 332-348, March.
    7. International Monetary Fund, 2016. "Eastern Caribbean Currency Union: 2016 Discussion on Common Policies of Member Countries-Press Release and Staff Report," IMF Staff Country Reports 2016/333, International Monetary Fund.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Jarmuzek Mariusz & Mesa Puyo Diego & Nakhle Najla, 2016. "Designing a Fiscal Framework for a Prospective Commodity-producer: Options for Lebanon," Review of Middle East Economics and Finance, De Gruyter, vol. 12(3), pages 257-278, December.
    2. Christine J. Richmond & Irene Yackovlev & Ms. Susan S. Yang, 2013. "Investing Volatile Oil Revenues in Capital-Scarce Economies: An Application to Angola," IMF Working Papers 2013/147, International Monetary Fund.
    3. Christine Richmond & Irene Yackovlev & Shu-Chun S. Yang, 2015. "Investing Volatile Resource Revenues in Capital-Scarce Economies," Pacific Economic Review, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 20(1), pages 193-221, February.
    4. Mr. Tokhir N Mirzoev & Ling Zhu, 2019. "Rethinking Fiscal Policy in Oil-Exporting Countries," IMF Working Papers 2019/108, International Monetary Fund.
    5. Ahmet Burçin YERELİ & İlker YAMAN, 2017. "Ulusal Varlık Fonlarını Anlamak: Fırsat Mı, Tehdit Mi?," Sosyoekonomi Journal, Sosyoekonomi Society, issue 25(34).
    6. Andrew Berg & Edward F. Buffie & Catherine Pattillo & Rafael Portillo & Andrea F. Presbitero & Luis‐Felipe Zanna, 2019. "Some Misconceptions About Public Investment Efficiency and Growth," Economica, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 86(342), pages 409-430, April.
    7. Issouf Samaké & Ms. Priscilla S Muthoora & Mr. Bruno Versailles, 2013. "Fiscal Sustainability, Public Investment, and Growth in Natural Resource-Rich, Low-Income Countries: The Case of Cameroon," IMF Working Papers 2013/144, International Monetary Fund.
    8. Araujo, Juliana D. & Li, Bin Grace & Poplawski-Ribeiro, Marcos & Zanna, Luis-Felipe, 2016. "Current account norms in natural resource rich and capital scarce economies," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 144-156.
    9. Cherif, Reda & Hasanov, Fuad, 2013. "Oil Exporters’ Dilemma: How Much to Save and How Much to Invest," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 120-131.
    10. Agénor, Pierre-Richard, 2016. "Optimal fiscal management of commodity price shocks," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 183-196.
    11. King Yoong Lim & Shuonan Zhang, 2023. "Optimal fiscal management in an economy with resource revenue‐financed government‐linked companies," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(2), pages 2202-2225, April.
    12. Melina, Giovanni & Yang, Shu-Chun S. & Zanna, Luis-Felipe, 2016. "Debt sustainability, public investment, and natural resources in developing countries: The DIGNAR model," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 52(PB), pages 630-649.
    13. Levine,Paul Leslie & Melina,Giovanni & Onder,Harun & Levine,Paul Leslie & Melina,Giovanni & Onder,Harun, 2016. "Non-renewable resources, fiscal rules, and human capital," Policy Research Working Paper Series 7695, The World Bank.
    14. Carlos Caceres & Serhan Cevik & Ricardo Fenochietto & Borja Gracia, 2015. "The Day After Tomorrow: Designing an Optimal Fiscal Strategy for Libya," Journal of Banking and Financial Economics, University of Warsaw, Faculty of Management, vol. 2(4), pages 32-50, June.
    15. Mamipour, Siab & Yahoo, Masoud & Mahmoudi, Sahar, 2021. "Modeling for policy: Managing volatile oil windfalls in a resource-rich developing country," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    16. Bin Grace Li & Pranav Gupta & Jiangyan Yu, 2017. "From natural resource boom to sustainable economic growth: Lessons from Mongolia," International Economics, CEPII research center, issue 151, pages 7-25.
    17. Torfinn Harding & Frederick Van der Ploeg, 2009. "Is Norway's Bird-in-Hand Stabilization Fund Prudent Enough? Fiscal Reactions to Hydrocarbon Windfalls and Graying Populations," CESifo Working Paper Series 2830, CESifo.
    18. Wills, Samuel, 2018. "Leave the volatility fund alone: Principles for managing oil wealth," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 332-352.
    19. Keyra Primus, 2016. "Fiscal Rules for Resource Windfall Allocation: The Case of Trinidad and Tobago," IMF Working Papers 2016/188, International Monetary Fund.
    20. Edouard Mien & Michaël Goujon, 2022. "40 Years of Dutch Disease Literature: Lessons for Developing Countries," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, vol. 64(3), pages 351-383, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:imf:imfwpa:2015/093. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Akshay Modi (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/imfffus.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.