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Non gaussian returns: which impact on default options retirement plans?
[Distribution non gaussienne des rendements : quel impact sur les options par défaut des plans d'épargne retraite ?]

Author

Listed:
  • Stéphane Hamayon

    (Harvest France)

  • Florence Legros

    (ICN Business School)

  • Pradat Yannick

    (Harvest France)

Abstract

Pour compenser le rationnement des transferts entre générations, les ménages vont devoir assurer la gestion de leur épargne financière. Cette appréciation doit être tempérée sur un point essentiel : 1 français sur 2 déclare ne pas être en mesure d'épargner (FFSA/IPSOS, mars 2011). En période de ressources contraintes, ces statistiques plaident pour un changement de modèle de transferts qui consisterait à passer d'un Etat providence à un Etat providence "sélectif" où les prestations seraient ciblées sur les besoins du milieu et du bas de la classe moyenne. Quoi qu'il en soit, la nécessaire constitution de compléments de retraite pose la question de la capacité des ménages concernés à gérer l'épargne longue. A cet égard, quelques expérimentations soulignent la faiblesse du niveau d'éducation financière des ménages (financial literacy) : l'enquête AMF/Crédoc 2011 sur la culture financière des français indique qu'un individu sur deux, ne maitrise pas calcul d'un pourcentage. Le constat, loin d'être local, a poussé les fonds de pension nord-américains à cotisations définies (DC plans) à proposer systématiquement des allocations par défaut (default options) qui sont souscrites par 80% des affiliés. Ces méthodes de "nudging", théorisée par Thaler R. et Sunstein C. (2008), qui consistent à inspirer la bonne décision aux ménages sans apparemment les forcer alors qu'ils arbitrent dans un univers de placements largement contraint, font l'objet de nombreuses controverses. A l'opposé ou presque, certaines études (Arrondel et Masson, 2011) montrent une grande rationalité et une totale stabilité des préférences qui montreraient que les ménages font preuve d'une «sagesse pratique » (Arrondel et Masson, op. cité) qui pousse à conclure que la construction pure et simple d'un « épargnant nouveau » ne pourrait relever que de la manipulation intellectuelle inefficace et dangereuse pour les ménages. Il 'en demeure pas moins que la question des performances à long terme des options par défaut des plans d'épargne retraite reste posée. Loin de nous aventurer sur le terrain de la critique du "paternalisme libertaire", c'est sur le point de la performance que se focalisent les développements qui suivent. Dans une première partie, basée sur une analyse des séries longues de rendements des actifs en France et aux Etats-Unis, nous analysons les propriétés statistiques des grandes classes d'actifs face au risque et au temps. Dans une seconde partie, munis de ces caractéristiques, nous procédons au « baktesting » des stratégies d'allocation par défaut, puis nous les hiérarchisons via un critère de « taux de remplacement » du revenu des ménages. La comparaison des distributions de taux de remplacement confirme sans équivoque la supériorité des allocations de cycle de vie investies massivement en actif risqués.

Suggested Citation

  • Stéphane Hamayon & Florence Legros & Pradat Yannick, 2016. "Non gaussian returns: which impact on default options retirement plans? [Distribution non gaussienne des rendements : quel impact sur les options par défaut des plans d'épargne retraite ?]," Working Papers hal-03003588, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-03003588
    DOI: 10.1108/RAF-01-2016-0005
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-03003588
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Luc Arrondel & Jérôme Coffinet, 2018. "Demand For Stocks in the Crisis: France 2004-2014," Working Papers halshs-01785324, HAL.

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