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Crises de dette souveraine : Vers une nouvelle résolution ?

Author

Listed:
  • Sandrine Levasseur

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

  • Christine Rifflart

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

Abstract

Le défaut de l'Argentine sur sa dette publique en décembre 2001, d'une ampleur sans précédent, a accéléré les réflexions sur la nécessité de réformer le mode de résolution des crises de dettes souveraines. Le processus actuel de restructuration des dettes est long et imprévisible, avec des effets dommageables pour le débiteur et ses créditeurs, voire des risques d'instabilité du système financier international. L'essor de la dette obligataire comme mode de financement des États rend désormais inadaptées les procédures de restructuration qui prévalaient pendant les années 1980, lorsque dominait l'endettement bancaire. En cas de crise, se pose un problème de coordination des créditeurs privés, lequel constitue un obstacle important à une restructuration rapide. Soucieux de limiter les coûts, le bureau exécutif du FMI a engagé en 2002 une large discussion afin de mettre en place un nouveau processus de restructuration. Lors de la dernière réunion du Comité monétaire et financier international (CMFI) en avril 2003, deux approches ont été examinées: l'approche contractuelle qui vise à maintenir la logique de marché et l'approche juridictionnelle selon laquelle le FMI pourrait jouer un rôle central. Les premières conclusions du CMFI sont favorables à l'approche contractuelle ou, en d'autres termes, à l'introduction généralisée des " clauses d'action collective " dans les titres de dette. En même temps, le CMFI n'a pas non plus définitivement renoncé à l'approche juridictionnelle, plus ambitieuse mais controversée et dont certains points demeurent encore irrésolus. Le présent article vise à présenter l'enjeu des débats. Il passe tout d'abord en revue l'évolution du traitement des crises de dette depuis le défaut mexicain de 1982 et présente les limites du mode actuel de résolution des crises. Dans un second temps, le contenu des deux propositions de réforme est exposé. Enfin, nous discutons certains points de ces propositions.

Suggested Citation

  • Sandrine Levasseur & Christine Rifflart, 2003. "Crises de dette souveraine : Vers une nouvelle résolution ?," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-01019408, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:spmain:hal-01019408
    DOI: 10.3917/reof.086.0083
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal-sciencespo.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01019408
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Barry Eichengreen & Ashoka Mody, 2003. "Is Aggregation a Problem for Sovereign Debt Restructuring?," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 93(2), pages 80-84, May.
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    Cited by:

    1. Philippe Bance, 2012. "Budgetary Policies in the Crisis: Crash, Rescue, Boomerang: A Trap for Public Intervention?," Post-Print hal-01965379, HAL.

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