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Le chômage structurel à 5% en France ?

Author

Listed:
  • Eric Heyer

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

  • Xavier Timbeau

    (OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po)

Abstract

En partant d'un modèle espace-état standard, composée de la relation de Phillips en forme réduite, nous proposons dans cette étude un modèle enrichissant la dynamique, en distinguant explicitement NAIRU et chômage structurel. Ce modèle nécessite une estimation par le filtre de Kalman et s'apparente aux estimations de TV-NAIRU. À partir d'hypothèses raisonnables sur la variance des innovations affectant le NAIRU, nos estimations aboutissent à une évaluation du NAIRU habituelle pour la France, alors que la valeur du taux de chômage structurel est comprise entre 5 et 6 %, réconciliant la mesure du chômage structurel avec l'intuition du taux de chômage de " plein emploi ". Contrairement au modèle standard, qui exploite uniquement l'information contenue dans la courbe de Phillips, le modèle employé permet, par ailleurs, une validation empirique de quelques déterminants du chômage structurel. Ainsi, le dilemme inflation-chômage ne subsiste pas à long terme ; les taux d'intérêt réels de long terme jouent positivement sur le taux de chômage structurel (1 point de taux d'intérêt implique 0,5 point de chômage) ; la productivité joue négativement (1 point de productivité en plus abaisse le taux de chômage structurel de 0,5 point) ; le ratio salaire minimum sur salaire moyen joue positivement sur le taux de chômage structurel ; le taux de remplacement et le coin fiscalo-social n'influent pas. Cette liste reste néanmoins ouverte à d'autres facteurs, comme le niveau d'employabilité de la main-d'oeuvre, qui ont un impact significatif sur la formation du chômage structurel (...).

Suggested Citation

  • Eric Heyer & Xavier Timbeau, 2002. "Le chômage structurel à 5% en France ?," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-01017735, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:spmain:hal-01017735
    DOI: 10.3917/reof.080.0115
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal-sciencespo.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01017735
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