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La division du travail selon le genre est-elle efficiente ? Une analyse à partir de deux enquêtes Emploi du temps

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  • Catherine Sofer

    (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement)

  • Claire Thibout

    (University of Melbourne)

Abstract

La participation des femmes au marché du travail a considérablement augmenté depuis la seconde moitié du 20ième siècle, se rapprochant de celle des hommes dans de nombreux pays. Néanmoins, partout, les femmes consacrent davantage de temps que les hommes au travail domestique. La participation désormais massive des femmes au marché du travail ne semble donc pas s'accompagner d'une redéfinition des rôles de genre au sein de la famille. Pourquoi les hommes et les femmes effectuent-ils des choix apparaissant comme traditionnels, et un calcul économique peut-il rendre compte de cette situation ? Nous tentons de répondre à cette question à partir des enquêtes Emploi du Temps 1998-1999 et 2010-2011 en analysant précisément le partage des tâches dans les couples bi-actifs où la femme investit fortement sur le marché du travail. Nous définissons des indices de fort investissement, soit avec comme groupe de référence les autres femmes, soit par rapport au conjoint. Nous montrons que les femmes tendent à exécuter sensiblement moins de travail domestique lorsqu'elles investissent plus sur le marché du travail mais que le temps de travail domestique de leur conjoint ne réagit à la hausse que de façon faible et peu significative, sauf si leur femme a un statut social supérieur au leur. Dans ce dernier cas, ils augmentent sensiblement leur temps de travail domestique, ce que l'on ne constate pas si leur conjointe a seulement un niveau d'éducation ou un salaire mensuel supérieur au leur. Ces résultats impliquent, en particulier, que même si l'écart de temps domestique entre les conjoints est bien réduit par rapport à la moyenne dans les ménages où la femme investit fortement sur le marché du travail, on n'observe pas le renversement des rôles qu'impliquerait une répartition des tâches efficiente.

Suggested Citation

  • Catherine Sofer & Claire Thibout, 2015. "La division du travail selon le genre est-elle efficiente ? Une analyse à partir de deux enquêtes Emploi du temps," PSE-Ecole d'économie de Paris (Postprint) halshs-01298033, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:pseptp:halshs-01298033
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    Cited by:

    1. Donni, Olivier & Molina, José Alberto, 2018. "Household Collective Models: Three Decades of Theoretical Contributions and Empirical Evidence," IZA Discussion Papers 11915, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    2. Fabrice Etilé & Marie Plessz, 2018. "Women’s employment and the decline of home cooking: Evidence from France, 1985–2010," Review of Economics of the Household, Springer, vol. 16(4), pages 939-970, December.
    3. Catherine Sofer & Claire Thibout, 2019. "Women’s investment in career and the household division of labour," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 51(60), pages 6535-6557, December.
    4. Carole Bonnet & Bruno Jeandidier & Anne Solaz, 2018. "Wage Premium and Wage Penalty in Marriage versus Cohabitation," Revue d'économie politique, Dalloz, vol. 128(5), pages 745-775.

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