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Des systèmes naturels aux systèmes urbains: génération de réseaux de transport optimaux par modèle slime-mould

Author

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  • Juste Raimbault

    (ISC-PIF - Institut des Systèmes Complexes - Paris Ile-de-France - ENS Cachan - École normale supérieure - Cachan - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - X - École polytechnique - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris - Institut Curie [Paris] - SU - Sorbonne Université - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, GC (UMR_8504) - Géographie-cités - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - UPD7 - Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

Abstract

Le transfert de processus de croissance d'organismes présentant certaines propriétés d'optimalité pour la conception ou la gestion de systèmes complexes a été montré pertinent dans de nombreux cas. Nous implémentons ici plus particulièrement un modèle de développement d'un organisme de type slime mould et l'appliquons à la conception des réseaux de transport. À partir d'un réseau potentiel couvrant l'espace et d'une distribution d'origines et destinations, l'algorithme renforce itérativement les liens les plus fréquentés, pour converger vers un réseau auto-organisé adapté à la distribution des trajectoires de mobilité. Son application est illustrée pour la conception d'un réseau de ligne de bus et d'un réseau routier, sur des cas d'étude réels. Nous démontrons par ailleurs la capacité du modèle à générer un ensemble de réseaux optimaux au sens de Pareto pour les deux objectifs contradictoires de robustesse et de coût, par une exploration systématique par l'intermédiaire du logiciel OpenMOLE, sur un système métropolitain polycentrique stylisé.

Suggested Citation

  • Juste Raimbault, 2018. "Des systèmes naturels aux systèmes urbains: génération de réseaux de transport optimaux par modèle slime-mould," Post-Print halshs-01904499, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-01904499
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-01904499
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