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La politique des économistes et l'économie des politistes à travers l'analyse des crises financières des vingt dernières années

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  • Daniel Dufourt

    (GREPH (LEPS EA 4148) - Groupe de recherche en épistémologie politique et historique - IEP Lyon - Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon - Université de Lyon)

Abstract

Aucune analyse des crises financières des deux dernières décennies ne peut faire l'économie de la prise en compte de facteurs politiques essentiels. Pour les mettre au jour et comprendre leur caractère déterminant il faut mettre en relation les fondements de l'ordre économique, monétaire et financier international et les ressorts des crises financières. Ceci passe par une interrogation fondamentale sur la nature du pouvoir monétaire et financier. Analysant les crises financières les économistes ont largement recours a une conception relationnelle du pouvoir, théoriquement homogène à leur démarche qui repose sur la mise en évidence d'une logique de situation, d'un déterminisme situationnel rendant compte de la nature des crises financières. Ils parviennent par là à montrer combien les mécanismes économiques amplifient les décisions de nature politique et suscitent les phénomènes de contagion. Les politistes de leur côté tentent une analyse économique des conséquences, sur la genèse des crises financières, des formes d'exercice d'un pouvoir de nature structurelle. Ce faisant, ils contribuent à faire émerger les facteurs politiques qui contribuent à la configuration des logiques de situation mises en évidence par les économistes. Même lorsqu'elles se réfèrent explicitement au corpus de l'Economie Politique Internationale, ces analyses présupposent, parce qu'elles ne parviennent pas à expliciter la dynamique à l'origine des changements structurels, une sorte de déterminisme économique transcendant l'action politique des acteurs et l'action collective des Etats, opportunément désigné par mondialisation. En reprenant l'analyse de l'économie mondiale comme système nous montrerons que les phénomènes de domination exercés par l'économie dominante dérivent logiquement des propriétés qui confèrent à l'économie mondiale son unité. En distinguant les niveaux de l'organisation, des structures et du fonctionnement on débouche sur une conceptualisation du pouvoir exercé par l'économie dominante se situant à un autre niveau que celui du pouvoir structurel exercé par d'autres acteurs. Il en résulte que les crises financières peuvent être analysées comme processus d'ajustement entre le pouvoir de l'économie dominante et les pouvoirs structurel et relationnel des Etats, firmes multinationales, institutions internationales etc...

Suggested Citation

  • Daniel Dufourt, 2005. "La politique des économistes et l'économie des politistes à travers l'analyse des crises financières des vingt dernières années," Post-Print halshs-00397319, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-00397319
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00397319
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    References listed on IDEAS

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