The creation of a multi-energy port hub to optimize the decarbonization of port activities and upstream/downstream transport[De la création d’un hub multi-énergétique portuaire pour optimiser la décarbonation des activités portuaires et des transports amont/aval]

From the creation of a multi-energy port hub to optimize the decarbonization of port activities and upstream/downstream transportToday, when we talk about shipping, many people see ships with smokestacks belching thick, heavy smoke. This activity accounts for 3% of CO2 emissions. Ports can play a key role in the energy transition to a more sustainable future (Oloruntobi et al., 2023). Ports are hubs for passengers, shipping, logistics and global trade, and play an important role in linking different regions of the world. Beyond these obvious aspects, the energy dimension must today be taken into account in the management of hub-related activities. Today's standards and regulations require us to manage this resource as effectively as possible, by rethinking supply, storage, distribution and consumption. Today's energies are known, tomorrow's energies are being adopted, and the next ones may not yet have been identified. The Port of Nantes Saint-Nazaire has taken this issue in hand, setting up numerous working groups, studies and projects to negotiate the shift to decarbonization as effectively as possible. The aim of this article is to understand whether the organizational architecture of the Port of Nantes Saint-Nazaire is conducive to optimizing port decarbonation and upstream/downstream transport. To achieve this objective, this research is structured around two main axes: an understanding of the port's organizational architecture, following on from the work of Bédé (2012), and a proposal for a decision-support tool for reconfiguring the port's energy supply chain in relation to upstream/downstream transport (Thanh et al., 2010).