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Exploring regional irrigation water demand using typologies of farms and production units: an example from Tunisia

Author

Listed:
  • J.C. Poussin

    (Supersonic Imagine)

  • A. Imache

    (Supersonic Imagine)

  • R. Beji

    (Commissariat Régional au Développement Agricole - Ministère de l'agriculture)

  • Philippe Le Grusse

    (Supersonic Imagine)

  • A. Benmihoub

    (Dynamique sociétés-environnements sur le temps long en Afrique périsaharienne)

Abstract

La plupart des méthodes utilisées pour prédire la consommation d'eau d'irrigation à l'échelle régionale sont fondées sur des modèles biophysiques et les assolements. Leur objectif est de fournir des estimations précises de la "demande d'eau" qui sont utiles pour la gestion des ressources en eau. Toutefois, dans le cas du libre accès à la ressource en eau, par exemple le pompage dans une nappe phréatique, il est seulement possible d'éviter la surexploitation au travers d'une "gestion" de la demande de l'eau basée sur les choix des agriculteurs et leurs comportement. Dans ce papier, nous proposons un cadre d'analyse pour représenter les activités agricoles en utilisant des typologies des exploitations agricoles et des unités de production agrégées à l'échelle régionale. Ce cadre peut être utilisé pour estimer la consommation d'eau d'irrigation et d'autres intrants, ainsi que la production agricole. Ce cadre peut également être utilisé pour évaluer les effets d'une technique, d'une mesure économique ou de changements institutionnels sur le revenu agricole, et de prévoir les conséquences de ces changements à l'échelle régionale. Nous avons utilisé cette méthode en Tunisie centrale pour estimer la demande en eau d'irrigation en 1999. Nous avons ensuite simulé les changements qui se produiraient si l'irrigation au goutte à goutte a été adoptée. Les résultats de la simulation a montré des économies d'eau et de main-d'½uvre, et une augmentation des rendements, avec une fertigation. Ainsi, l'utilisation de l'irrigation au goutte à goutte peut permettre aux agriculteurs d'étendre leurs superficies irriguées en goutte à goutte. Nous avons ensuite simulé l'adoption généralisée de l'irrigation au goutte à goutte et l'extension des zones irriguées: les résultats n'ont pas montré de baisse de besoins en eau à l'échelle régionale. Ces hypothèses ont été confirmées en 2005 en utilisant de nouvelles typologies pour évaluer la nouvelle demande en eau d'irrigation. Nous avons également simulé les effets de changements économiques sur les revenus agricoles. Une augmentation importante du coût de l'eau a touché une minorité d'exploitations, qui a consommé seulement 17% du total de l'eau d'irrigation, tandis qu'une légère diminution des prix de la pastèque et melon a touché une majorité des exploitations agricoles, qui a consommé 78% du total de l'eau d'irrigation. Les outils de gestion de la demande en eau des doivent donc se concentrer sur les effets d'une technique, des mesures économiques, ou de changements institutionnels et sur les choix des agriculteurs.

Suggested Citation

  • J.C. Poussin & A. Imache & R. Beji & Philippe Le Grusse & A. Benmihoub, 2008. "Exploring regional irrigation water demand using typologies of farms and production units: an example from Tunisia," Post-Print hal-00454529, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:journl:hal-00454529
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2008.04.001
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-00454529v1
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    2. Blanco-Gutiérrez, Irene & Varela-Ortega, Consuelo & Flichman, Guillermo, 2011. "Cost-effectiveness of groundwater conservation measures: A multi-level analysis with policy implications," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 98(4), pages 639-652, February.
    3. Lucie Clavel & Marie-Hélène Charron & Olivier Therond & Delphine Leenhardt, 2012. "A Modelling Solution for Developing and Evaluating Agricultural Land-Use Scenarios in Water Scarcity Contexts," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 26(9), pages 2625-2641, July.
    4. Ivars Reinfelds, 2011. "Monitoring and Assessment of Surface Water Abstractions for Pasture Irrigation from Landsat Imagery: Bega–Bemboka River, NSW, Australia," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 25(9), pages 2319-2334, July.
    5. Rouault, Pierre & Courault, Dominique & Flamain, Fabrice & Pouget, Guillaume & Doussan, Claude & Lopez-Lozano, Raul & McCabe, Matthew & Debolini, Marta, 2024. "High-resolution satellite imagery to assess orchard characteristics impacting water use," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 295(C).

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