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La technologie Bt est-elle sans risque pour le paysan indien ?

Author

Listed:
  • Damien Bazin

    (Université Côte d'Azur
    GREDEG CNRS)

  • Naceur Khraief

    (Tunis Business School)

Abstract

Ce travail est consacré à une question qui fait débat depuis quelque temps : c'est celle du lien entre les suicides de fermiers et les performances de la technologie du coton Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) en Inde. Nous proposons un cadre de modélisation dynamique qui prend en compte le risque de la résistance des insectes aux plantes OGM. Face au problème de résistance des ravageurs cibles aux toxines de Bt, l'agriculteur indien revient à l'application massive de produits phytosanitaires. Le recours à l'utilisation intensive de pesticides a fait augmenter les coûts de production qui, combinés avec le prix exorbitant de nouvelles semences, a entraîné des situations de surendettement et le suicide de milliers d'agriculteurs de coton indiens. Nous montrons que le suicide des agriculteurs dépend essentiellement d'un niveau critique de risque qui dépend à son tour d'un seuil de nuisibilité économique. Si le niveau de la population d'insectes pousse au-delà du seuil de tolérance, l'utilité devient négative et par conséquent l'agriculteur choisira le suicide.

Suggested Citation

  • Damien Bazin & Naceur Khraief, 2020. "La technologie Bt est-elle sans risque pour le paysan indien ?," GREDEG Working Papers 2020-48, Groupe de REcherche en Droit, Economie, Gestion (GREDEG CNRS), Université Côte d'Azur, France.
    • Handle: RePEc:gre:wpaper:2020-48
    as

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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Madhura Swaminathan & Vikas Rawal, 2011. "Are there Benefits from the Cultivation of Bt Cotton? A Comment Based on Data from a Vidarbha Village," Journal, Review of Agrarian Studies, vol. 1(1), pages 101-124, January-J.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Inde; Coton; Technologie Bt; résistance aux toxines de Bt; Suicide;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D11 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Consumer Economics: Theory
    • D21 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Firm Behavior: Theory
    • Q12 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
    • Q16 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - R&D; Agricultural Technology; Biofuels; Agricultural Extension Services

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