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Means-End Relations

Author

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  • van Rekom, J.
  • Wierenga, B.

Abstract

Means-end relations are generally assumed to be hierarchical, and, by implication, asymmetrical. That is, if A is a means to achieve B, B is not at the same time also a means to achieve A. Literature casting doubt on this directedness of means-end relations is reviewed, and the hypothesis of means-end relations having direction is tested in two empirical studies. In these studies the means-end relations turn out to be symmetrical rather than asymmetrical. Means-end structures may therefore better be conceptualized as semantic networks rather than as straight hierarchies. Consequently, for the presentation and interpretation of the results from means-end studies, the emphasis should be on elements that derive from the network nature of the cognitive structure and not from the (possibly misleading) notions of hierarchy.

Suggested Citation

  • van Rekom, J. & Wierenga, B., 2002. "Means-End Relations," ERIM Report Series Research in Management ERS-2002-36-MKT, Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), ERIM is the joint research institute of the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University and the Erasmus School of Economics (ESE) at Erasmus University Rotterdam.
    • Handle: RePEc:ems:eureri:189
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    File URL: https://repub.eur.nl/pub/189/erimrs20020408084827.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Tom Snijders, 1991. "Enumeration and simulation methods for 0–1 matrices with given marginals," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 56(3), pages 397-417, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Snelders, Dirk & Schoormans, Jan P. L., 2004. "An exploratory study of the relation between concrete and abstract product attributes," Journal of Economic Psychology, Elsevier, vol. 25(6), pages 803-820, December.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    consumer behavior; hierarchy; laddering; means-end relations; semantic relations;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C44 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics - - - Operations Research; Statistical Decision Theory
    • D21 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Firm Behavior: Theory
    • M - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics
    • M31 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Marketing and Advertising - - - Marketing

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