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Extreme Value Theory and Value at Risk

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  • Viviana Fernández

Abstract

Value at Risk (VaR) is a measure of the maximum potential change in value of a portfolio of financial assets with a given probability over a given time horizon. VaR became a key measure of market risk since the Basle Committee stated that banks should be able to cover losses on their trading portfolios over a ten-day horizon, 99 percent of the time. A common practice is to compute VaR by assuming that changes in value of the portfolio are normally distributed, conditional on past information. However, assets returns usually come from fat-tailed distributions. Therefore, computing VaR under the assumption of conditional normality can be an important source of error. We illustrate this point for some return series key to the Chilean financial market by resorting to extreme value theory (EVT) and GARCH-type models. In addition, we show that dynamic estimation of empirical quantiles can also give more accurate VaR estimates than quantiles of a standard normal.

Suggested Citation

  • Viviana Fernández, 2003. "Extreme Value Theory and Value at Risk," Documentos de Trabajo 154, Centro de Economía Aplicada, Universidad de Chile.
    • Handle: RePEc:edj:ceauch:154
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. McNeil, Alexander J. & Frey, Rudiger, 2000. "Estimation of tail-related risk measures for heteroscedastic financial time series: an extreme value approach," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 7(3-4), pages 271-300, November.
    2. Robert Engle, 2001. "GARCH 101: The Use of ARCH/GARCH Models in Applied Econometrics," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 15(4), pages 157-168, Fall.
    3. Engle, Robert F & Gonzalez-Rivera, Gloria, 1991. "Semiparametric ARCH Models," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 9(4), pages 345-359, October.
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    1. Nguyen, Cuong C. & Bhatti, M. Ishaq, 2012. "Copula model dependency between oil prices and stock markets: Evidence from China and Vietnam," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 22(4), pages 758-773.
    2. Qian Chen & David E. Giles & Hui Feng, 2012. "The extreme-value dependence between the Chinese and other international stock markets," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(14), pages 1147-1160, July.
    3. Rossignolo, Adrian F. & Fethi, Meryem Duygun & Shaban, Mohamed, 2012. "Value-at-Risk models and Basel capital charges," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 8(4), pages 303-319.
    4. Nikola Radivojevic & Milena Cvjetkovic & Saša Stepanov, 2016. "The new hybrid value at risk approach based on the extreme value theory," Estudios de Economia, University of Chile, Department of Economics, vol. 43(1 Year 20), pages 29-52, June.
    5. Aktham I. Maghyereh & Haitham A. Al Zoubi & Haitham Nobanee, 2007. "Price Limit and Volatility in Taiwan Stock Exchange: Some Additional Evidence from the Extreme Value Approach," Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies (RPBFMP), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 10(01), pages 51-61.
    6. L. Kourouma & Denis Dupré & G. Sanfilippo & O. Taramasco, 2011. "Extreme Value at Risk and Expected Shortfall during Financial Crisis," Post-Print halshs-00658495, HAL.
    7. Marco Rocco, 2011. "Extreme value theory for finance: a survey," Questioni di Economia e Finanza (Occasional Papers) 99, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
    8. Krzysztof Echaust & Małgorzata Just, 2020. "Value at Risk Estimation Using the GARCH-EVT Approach with Optimal Tail Selection," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 8(1), pages 1-24, January.
    9. Gonzalo Cortazar & Alejandro Bernales & Diether Beuermann, 2005. "Methodology and Implementation of Value-at-Risk Measures in Emerging Fixed-Income Markets with Infrequent Trading," Finance 0512030, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Miguel Antonio Alba Suárez & Wilmer Pineda-Ríos & Javier Deaza Chaves, 2019. "Análisis comparativo de las metodologías de estimación semiparamétricas y vía cópulas del Valor en Riesgo (VaR) en el mercado accionario colombiano," Remef - Revista Mexicana de Economía y Finanzas Nueva Época REMEF (The Mexican Journal of Economics and Finance), Instituto Mexicano de Ejecutivos de Finanzas, IMEF, vol. 14(2), pages 279-307, Abril-Jun.
    11. Thabani Ndlovu & Delson Chikobvu, 2023. "A Wavelet-Decomposed WD-ARMA-GARCH-EVT Model Approach to Comparing the Riskiness of the BitCoin and South African Rand Exchange Rates," Data, MDPI, vol. 8(7), pages 1-24, July.
    12. de Jesús, Raúl & Ortiz, Edgar & Cabello, Alejandra, 2013. "Long run peso/dollar exchange rates and extreme value behavior: Value at Risk modeling," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 139-152.
    13. Claudeci Da Silva & Hugo Agudelo Murillo & Joaquim Miguel Couto, 2014. "Early Warning Systems: Análise De Ummodelo Probit De Contágio De Crise Dos Estados Unidos Para O Brasil(2000-2010)," Anais do XL Encontro Nacional de Economia [Proceedings of the 40th Brazilian Economics Meeting] 110, ANPEC - Associação Nacional dos Centros de Pós-Graduação em Economia [Brazilian Association of Graduate Programs in Economics].

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    JEL classification:

    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
    • C13 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Estimation: General

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