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Priming Unconscious Racial Stereotypes about Adolescent Offenders

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Listed:
  • Graham, Sandra

    (U of California, Los Angeles)

  • Lowery, Brian S.

    (Stanford U)

Abstract

Two studies examined unconscious racial stereotypes of decision makers in the juvenile justice system. Police officers (Experiment 1) and juvenile probation officers (Experiment 2) were subliminally exposed to words related to the category Black or to words neutral with respect to race. In a presumably unrelated task, officers read 2 vignettes about a hypothetical adolescent who allegedly committed either a property crime (shoplifting from a convenience store) or an interpersonal crime (assaulting a peer). The race of the offender was left unstated and the scenarios were ambiguous about the causes of the crime. Respondents rated the hypothetical offender on a number of traits (e.g., hostility and immaturity) and made judgments about culpability, expected recidivism, and deserved punishment. They also completed a self-report measure of conscious attitudes about race. As hypothesized, officers in the racial prime condition reported more negative trait ratings, greater culpability and expected recidivism, and they endorsed harsher punishment than officers in the neutral condition. The effects of the racial primes were not moderated by consciously held attitudes about African Americans. The implications of the findings for racial disparity in the juvenile justice system and for changing unconscious stereotypes were discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Graham, Sandra & Lowery, Brian S., 2004. "Priming Unconscious Racial Stereotypes about Adolescent Offenders," Research Papers 1857, Stanford University, Graduate School of Business.
    • Handle: RePEc:ecl:stabus:1857
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    File URL: http://gsbapps.stanford.edu/researchpapers/library/RP1857.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gilliam, Franklin D. Jr. & Bales, Susan Nall, 2001. "Strategic Frame Analysis: Reframing America's Youth," Institute for Social Science Research, Working Paper Series qt5sk7r6gk, Institute for Social Science Research, UCLA.
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    Cited by:

    1. Simone Bertoli & Morgane Laouenan & Jérôme Valette, 2022. "Border Apprehensions and Federal Sentencing of Hispanic Citizens in the United States," SciencePo Working papers Main hal-03818735, HAL.
    2. Wade Jacobsen & Garrett Pace & Nayan Ramirez, 2017. "Punishment and Inequality at an Early Age: Exclusionary Discipline in Elementary School," Working Papers wp16-04-ff, Princeton University, School of Public and International Affairs, Center for Research on Child Wellbeing..
    3. Tam, Christina C. & Abrams, Laura S. & Freisthler, Bridget & Ryan, Joseph P., 2016. "Juvenile justice sentencing: Do gender and child welfare involvement matter?," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 60-65.
    4. Amit Ghosh & Salvador Contreras, 2022. "Local Banking Market Frictions and Youth Crime: Evidence from Bank Failures," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 61(1), pages 43-75, February.
    5. Ravinder Barn & Martina Feilzer & Nick Hardwick, 2018. "Black and Minority Ethnic Boys and Custody in England and Wales: Understanding Subjective Experiences through an Analysis of Official Data," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 7(11), pages 1-16, November.
    6. Borooah, Vani, 2021. "Racial Bias in Policing: Police Stop and Searches in England and Wales," MPRA Paper 113064, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    7. Gustav J W Lundberg & Rebecca Neel & Bethany Lassetter & Andrew R Todd, 2018. "Racial bias in implicit danger associations generalizes to older male targets," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 13(6), pages 1-17, June.

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