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Public guarantees, private banks’ incentives, and corporate outcomes: evidence from the COVID-19 crisis

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  • Jiménez, Gabriel
  • Laeven, Luc
  • Martinez-Miera, David
  • Peydró, José-Luis

Abstract

We show that public guaranteed loans (PGL) increase credit availability improving real effects, but private banks’ incentives imply that weaker banks shift riskier corporate loans to taxpayers. We exploit credit register data during the COVID-19 shock in Spain, and a stylized model guides the empirics. Unlike non-PGL, banks provide more PGL to riskier firms in which banks have higher pre-crisis shares of firm total credit. Importantly, these effects are stronger for weaker banks. Results using firm(-bank) fixed effects and loan volume versus price information suggest a credit supply-driven mechanism. Moreover, exploiting exogenous variation across similar firms with differing PGL access, we confirm these findings, and we additionally show that PGL increases banks’ overall lending and credit share, with positive effects for firm survival and investment. JEL Classification: G01, G21, G38, E62, H81

Suggested Citation

  • Jiménez, Gabriel & Laeven, Luc & Martinez-Miera, David & Peydró, José-Luis, 2024. "Public guarantees, private banks’ incentives, and corporate outcomes: evidence from the COVID-19 crisis," Working Paper Series 2913, European Central Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:ecb:ecbwps:20242913
    Note: 261593
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    1. Thiago Christiano Silva & Carlos Eduardo de Almeida & Solange Maria Guerra & Benjamin Miranda Tabak, 2024. "COVID-19 and Credit Reallocation: evidence from bank branch lending in Brazil," Working Papers Series 601, Central Bank of Brazil, Research Department.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    banking; COVID-19; private incentives; public guarantees; risk-shifting;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G01 - Financial Economics - - General - - - Financial Crises
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G38 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory
    • H81 - Public Economics - - Miscellaneous Issues - - - Governmental Loans; Loan Guarantees; Credits; Grants; Bailouts

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