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Predictability and strategic behavior under frontier regulation

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  • Agrell, Per Joakim
  • Teusch, Jonas

Abstract

Frontier-based yardsticks, as applied in European energy network regulation, are not immune to strategic behavior. Under yardstick regulation, the regulator gauges the operator against a cost target set by the other firms in the sector. Many regulators have implemented frontier-based yardsticks where the cost function is defined by the most efficient firms (peers). This paper demonstrates that when it is possible to predict peers in advance, firms can manipulate the frontier to their advantage. We single out horizontal mergers as a plausible means to achieve such strategic objectives and develop a measure to identify strategic mergers ex ante. Using data from the electricity distribution sector in Norway that is subject to stable frontier-based regulation allows us to identify firm behavior that is consistent with our predictions. The paper contributes to the modern yardstick literature as existing evidence of strategic behavior in related regulatory settings is either based on anonymized questionnaire responses from regulatory authorities or relies on simulations using unidentified firms that are not actually exposed to such benchmarking in practice. The paper concludes by discussing policy implications.
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Suggested Citation

  • Agrell, Per Joakim & Teusch, Jonas, 2020. "Predictability and strategic behavior under frontier regulation," LIDAM Reprints CORE 3094, Université catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE).
    • Handle: RePEc:cor:louvrp:3094
    Note: In : Energy Policy, Vol. 137, p.111140 (2020)
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    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • L51 - Industrial Organization - - Regulation and Industrial Policy - - - Economics of Regulation
    • L41 - Industrial Organization - - Antitrust Issues and Policies - - - Monopolization; Horizontal Anticompetitive Practices
    • L12 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Monopoly; Monopolization Strategies

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