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Alfred Marshall, autor del siglo XX: desempleo involuntario, monopolio, amortización acelerada, competencia por nuevos productos e intervención estatal orientada a alcanzar el producto máximo

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  • Joan-Severo Chumbita

Abstract

Resumen: El presente artículo analiza la cuestión del producto máximo en la obra de Alfred Marshall, rastreando en ella afirmaciones comúnmente atribuida a autores del siglo XX, como John Maynard Keynes —sobre el empleo, la demanda agregada y la distribución— y Joseph Schumpeter —sobre las virtudes del monopolio, la innovación tecnológica y la distribución—. El estudio se realiza a partir de dos ejes fundamentales para una perspectiva dinámica sobre el crecimiento: 1) el uso de los factores productivos —la existencia o no de capacidad ociosa de capital anclado y de mano de obra— y 2) el nivel de la acumulación, su calidad y las implicancias distributivas de la destrucción de capital físico. De este modo, se estudian comprensivamente los efectos inter-temporales acumulativos del pleno uso de los factores, de la inversión, la innovación tecnológica y el aumento de la productividad del trabajo. Se mostrará que Marshall identifica la existencia del desempleo involuntario, y la necesidad de una intervención estatal orientada a remediarlo. Al mismo tiempo, se presentará la formulación marshalliana de la destrucción de capital físico por innovación tecnológica, así como de la posibilidad de que el producto en condiciones de competencia perfecta sea menor al de condiciones monopólicas.

Suggested Citation

  • Joan-Severo Chumbita, 2020. "Alfred Marshall, autor del siglo XX: desempleo involuntario, monopolio, amortización acelerada, competencia por nuevos productos e intervención estatal orientada a alcanzar el producto máximo," Ensayos de Economía 19130, Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellín.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000418:019130
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Alfred Marshall; Joseph Schumpeter; pleno empleo; innovación; John Maynard Keynes; demanda agregada.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • B13 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought through 1925 - - - Neoclassical through 1925 (Austrian, Marshallian, Walrasian, Wicksellian)
    • B14 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought through 1925 - - - Socialist; Marxist
    • B22 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought since 1925 - - - Macroeconomics
    • B31 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - History of Economic Thought: Individuals - - - Individuals
    • D42 - Microeconomics - - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design - - - Monopoly

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