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Analisis Delcomportamiento De La Inflacíon Trimestral En Colombia Bajo Cambios De Regimen: Una Evidencia A Traves Del Modelo

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  • Luis Fernando Melo Velandia
  • Martha MisasA.

Abstract

Este trabajo tiene como propósitos estudiar la evolución de la inflación trimestral en Colombia, durante el período comprendido entre 1954 y 1996, a través de la metodología de Hamilton (1989) y segundo presentar algunos conceptos relacionados con dicha metodología, la cual introduce cambios de régimen en el análisis convencional de series de tiempo. Es importante aclarar que, a pesar de que los resultados pudiesen ser más interesantes al trabajar con inflación anual, el estudio se lleva a cabo sobre la inflación trimestral debido a requerimientos econométricos del procedimiento. La existencia de los diferentes regímenes es inicialmente identificada a través de pruebas sobre estabilidad de parámetros. Dado que la metodología de series de tiempo propuesta por Box-Jenkins (1976) estima parámetros invariantes a través del tiempo, su aplicación es apropiada tan solo en la modelación de series de tiempo estacionarias1 en su período completo de estudio. Este hecho nos lleva a preguntarnos cómo modelar una serie que exhibe, durante dicho período, cambios en la varianza y/o en la media, los cuales definen subperíodos específicos que podrían estar asociados con eventos de carácter económico. Una respuesta a tal inquietud se tiene en el modelo Switching" de Hamilton, donde tales cambios de régimen o del estado de la naturaleza se consideran a través de cadenas de Markov y de distribuciones mixtas de probabilidad. El modelo "Switching de Hamilton" parte de un modelo de series de tiempo autorregresivo (AR) y de unos valores iniciales para las distintas medias y varianzas asociadas a cada régimen2. Suponiendo normalidad, se construye en cada momento del tiempo y para cada régimen una función de verosimilitud sobre los errores del modelo autorregresivo y se estiman los parámetros que maximizan dicha función. Es de señalar que, dentro del conjunto de parámetros se encuentran, también, las probabilidades de transición entre regímenes, las cuales se calculan mediante el teorema de Bayes. La estimación de los parámetros que maximizan la función de verosimilitud, sobre un espacio de parámetros específico, se lleva a cabo a través de métodos numéricos utilizando algoritmos iterativos3."

Suggested Citation

  • Luis Fernando Melo Velandia & Martha MisasA., 2005. "Analisis Delcomportamiento De La Inflacíon Trimestral En Colombia Bajo Cambios De Regimen: Una Evidencia A Traves Del Modelo," Borradores de Economia 1993, Banco de la Republica.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000094:001993
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kwiatkowski, Denis & Phillips, Peter C. B. & Schmidt, Peter & Shin, Yongcheol, 1992. "Testing the null hypothesis of stationarity against the alternative of a unit root : How sure are we that economic time series have a unit root?," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 54(1-3), pages 159-178.
    2. Doug Hostland, "undated". "CHANGES IN THE INFLATION PROCESS IN CANADA: Evidence and Implications," Staff Working Papers 95-5, Bank of Canada.
    3. Hansen, Bruce E., 1992. "Testing for parameter instability in linear models," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 14(4), pages 517-533, August.
    4. Hamilton, James D, 1989. "A New Approach to the Economic Analysis of Nonstationary Time Series and the Business Cycle," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 57(2), pages 357-384, March.
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