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Le régime d'épargne-actions du Québec : Vue d'ensemble et évaluation

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  • Élise Cormier
  • Jean-Marc Suret

Abstract

This in-depth analysis of the Québec Stock Savings Plan (QSSP) proposes to evaluate the Plan dealing with its different sections and offering interpretation of its onjectives. The Plan had the short-term effect of generating a stream of primary issues from small companies. A large proportion of the small companies that floated primary public issues under the Plan have now disappeared as a result of bankruptcy or sale.Investors who put money into this section of the Plan have suffered keen disappointment and their opportunity losses total hundreds of millions of dollars. The impact on the capitalization of small companies was short-lived. On average, these companies' debt levels returned to pre-issue levels within one or two years. A number of companies showed higher debt levels due to relatively mediocre performance. On average, issuers recorded significantly weaker earnings after the issue than before. The analysis indicates that listing securities on the Stock Exchange via tax incentives has been o very ineffective stimulant in the case of small companies. Moreover, the Plan has probably had a perverse effect, driving many disappointed investors out of this market forever. Medium-sized companies have made extensive use of the QSSP. Some of them have floated a number of issues under the Plan. Some of these companies have experiences significant growth. It is, however, difficult to link this growth with to the Plan for a number of reasons: 1) many of the companies in question received large subsidies at the same time; 2) most of these companies had sufficient cash flow to finance their growth; 3) many of the companies paid out dividend equal to a substantial proportion of the funds they raised under the Plan during the period under study. It is possible that the QSSP has spurred the growth of some companies. However, it is difficult to demonstrate that the Plan was an essential factor in their growth, which a number of indicators suggest could have been achieved without the tax expenditure. Initially, the QSSP allowed investors to buy large company shares without restriction. The deduction for this type of investment was subsequently reduced and the authorized amount lowered. The amounts issued and the credits granted for these companies' issues have been considerable, but the effect on the capitalization of these companies, which generally have egnerous dividend policies, has been negligible. Ce document propose une étude approfondie du Régime d'épargne-action du Québec. Conçu au départ pour réduire le taux d'impôt des contribuables à revenu élevé et accroître la proportion de l'épargne détenue sous forme de capital, le RÉAQ a ensuite été modifié à plusieurs reprises pour orienter davantage de fonds vers les entreprises de petite taille. Le programme a créé, à court terme, une offre importante d'émissions initiales provenant d'entreprises de petite taille, d'autant plus que les normes d'inscription en Bourse ont été assouplies. La performance de ces émissions a été très faible. Depuis 1987, le nombre d'émissions appartenant à cette catégorie a très fortement diminué et est retombé à un niveau à peu près équivalent à celui qui prévalait avant la mise en place du programme, bien que celui-ci demeure toujours en vigueur. Une importante proportion des entreprises de petite taille qui ont réalisé un premier appel public à l'épargne dans le cadre de ce programme a aujourd'hui disparu, à la suite de faillite ou d'acquisition. L'impact sur la capitalisation des entreprises de petite taille a été de courte durée. En moyenne, ces entreprises ont retrouvé, après un ou deux ans, le niveau d'endettement qui prévalait avant l'émission. Plusieurs ont montré un endettement supérieur, qui peut s'expliquer par des performances relativement médiocres. La rentabilité des entreprises émettrices est en effet significativement plus faible après l'émission qu'avant, en moyenne. Les entreprises de taille moyenne ont largement recours au RÉAQ et plusieurs ont connu une croissance importante. Il est toutefois difficile de lier cette croissance au programme, pour plusieurs raisons : 1) ces entreprises ont souvent reçu simultanément d'importantes subventions, 2) les fonds autogénérés étaient généralement largement suffisants pour couvrir les besoins de la croissance et 3) pour plusieurs entreprises, les dividendes versés au cours de la période représentent une part importante des fonds prélevés dans le cadre du programme. Enfin, l'impact du RÉAQ sur la capitalisation des entreprises de grande taille a été minime, en dépit de l'importance des montants émis et des crédits accordés pour les émissions de ces entreprises.

Suggested Citation

  • Élise Cormier & Jean-Marc Suret, 1997. "Le régime d'épargne-actions du Québec : Vue d'ensemble et évaluation," CIRANO Working Papers 97s-16, CIRANO.
  • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:97s-16
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    File URL: https://cirano.qc.ca/files/publications/97s-16.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Eric Ghysels & Clive W.J. Granger & Pierre L. Siklos, 1997. "Seasonal Adjustment and Volatility Dynamics," CIRANO Working Papers 97s-39, CIRANO.
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    Cited by:

    1. Cécile Carpentier & Jean-Marc Suret, 2005. "De l'efficacité des dépenses fiscales pour l'achat d'actions : le cas du régime d'épargne-actions du Québec," CIRANO Working Papers 2005s-10, CIRANO.

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