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Endogenous savings rate with forward-looking households in a recursive dynamic CGE model: application to South Africa

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  • André Lemelin

Abstract

In the vast majority of recursive dynamic CGE models, the savings rate is constant and exogenous. Intertemporal CGE models, by contrast, are solved simultaneously for all periods, and agents optimize intertemporally. But the theoretical consistency of intertemporal optimization is achieved only at the cost of more aggregated, less detailed models, due to computational limitations. In some applications, therefore, recursive dynamics should be preferred to intertemporal dynamics for practical reasons of computability. This paper presents a recursive dynamic CGE model in which households determine their savings rate from intertemporal optimization, by solving a simplified form of their intertemporal problem. This approach we call « truncated rational expectations » (TRE). In the TRE framework, households have rational expectations for the current period and the following one. Accordingly, the model is solved simultaneously for two periods at a time, the current period τ and the following one. Household (rational) expectations for period τ +1 are given by the model solution. For subsequent periods, household expectations are formed by extrapolating from τ and τ +1 solution values, assuming a constant rate of change. The TRE framework is implemented in a modified version of the Decaluwé et al. (2013) PEP-1-t model, and applied to South Africa, using a 2005 SAM by Davies and Thurlow (2011). Several simulations are run, with two variants of the 2005 SAM, the original one and a modified one with a high initial household savings rate. The results are compared with those of a static expectations model with intertemporal optimization, and of a fixed-savings rate model. The main difference is that in the first two models, the household savings rate is not constant, even in the BAU scenario. It is also responsive to changes in the rate of return on assets. On the other hand, an exogenous reduction in household wealth has very little effect. Dans la plupart des modèles d'équilibre général calculable dynamiques séquentiels, le taux d'épargne est constant et exogène. Les modèles intertemporels, eux, sont résolus simultanément pour toutes les périodes et les agents pratiquent l'optimisation intertemporelle. Mais la cohérence théorique de l'optimisation intertemporelle n'est atteinte qu'au prix de modèles moins détaillés, à cause de limites sur le volume des calculs. C'est pourquoi, quand le détail des résultats est important, on peut préférer utiliser un modèle dynamique séquentiel. Cet article présente un modèle d'équilibre général calculable dynamique séquentiel dans lequel les ménages déterminent leur taux d'épargne par l'optimisation intertemporelle, en résolvant une forme simplifiée de leur problème intertemporel. C'est ce que nous appelons des « anticipations rationnelles tronquées » (TRE). Dans ce cadre, les ménages ont des anticipations rationnelles pour la période courante et la suivante. Le modèle est donc résolu simultanément pour deux périodes à la fois, la courante τ et la suivante. Les anticipations rationnelles des ménages pour la période τ +1 sont données par la solution du modèle. Pour les périodes subséquentes, les anticipations sont formées par extrapolation à partir des valeurs de τ et τ +1, en supposant un taux de changement constant. L'approche TRE est implantée dans une version modifiée du modèle PEP-1-t de Decaluwé et al. (2013), au moyen d'une matrice de comptabilité sociale (MCS) de l'Afrique du Sud pour 2005 due à Davies and Thurlow (2011). Différentes simulations sont menées, avec deux variantes de la MCS, l'originale et une version modifiée avec un taux élevé d'épargne des ménages. Les résultats sont comparés avec ceux d'un modèle avec anticipations statiques et optimisation intertemporelle, et avec ceux d'un modèle à taux d'épargne fixe. La principale différence observée est que dans les deux premiers modèles, le taux d'épargne des ménages n'est pas constant, même dans le scénario de référence. De plus, il réagit aux variations du taux de rendement des actifs. Par contre, une réduction exogène du stock de richesse des ménage a très peu d'impact

Suggested Citation

  • André Lemelin, 2014. "Endogenous savings rate with forward-looking households in a recursive dynamic CGE model: application to South Africa," CIRANO Working Papers 2014s-38, CIRANO.
  • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:2014s-38
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Paul Grauwe, 2010. "The scientific foundation of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models," Public Choice, Springer, vol. 144(3), pages 413-443, September.
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    3. Babiker, Mustafa & Gurgel, Angelo & Paltsev, Sergey & Reilly, John, 2009. "Forward-looking versus recursive-dynamic modeling in climate policy analysis: A comparison," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 26(6), pages 1341-1354, November.
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