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Migrations, emplois et discriminations : le cas des “paysans-ouvriers” de la province du Guangdong

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  • Nong Zhu
  • Cecile Batisse

Abstract

The integration of rural migrants into the urban labor market has become an essential economic issue in today's China. In the context of economic reforms, policies affecting migration in continental China have been redefined, which therefore greatly intensified the internal migration flows. Since the 1980s, the rural depopulation has been essentially linked to the migration of ming gong or peasant-workers, who continues to play a key role in the transition of China into a market economy. In this article, we study the integration of these rural migrants into the labor market in the Guangdong province using the original data from a 2006 survey of peasant-workers. Based on duration model estimation, the analysis focuses on the role of different characteristics, including personal, temporal (i.e. the course of employment mobility through time) and spatial (i.e. the role of place of origin) ones. Results show that migrants form a heterogeneous group in terms of personal characteristics and employability in the Pearl River delta. The insertion on the labor market of women, young and less qualified migrants is relatively easier. Geographical proximity also plays a favorable role. Finally, we examine the determinants of the wage in urban areas for peasant-workers integrating the increasingly segmented and fragmented labor market. La question de l'insertion sur le marché du travail urbain des migrants ruraux est aujourd'hui devenue essentielle en Chine. Dans un contexte de réformes économiques, les politiques migratoires en Chine continentale se sont redéfinies, intensifiant ainsi fortement les migrations internes. Depuis les années 1980, cet exode est pour l'essentiel celui des ming gong, c'est-à-dire littéralement des paysans-ouvriers, qui sont ainsi devenus un élément majeur de la transition de la Chine vers une économie de marché. Cet article étudie l'insertion de ces migrants ruraux sur le marché du travail de la province du Guangdong à partir d'une base de données originales issues d'une enquête sur les paysans-ouvriers, réalisée en 2006. A partir de modèles de durée, nous portons une attention particulière aux caractéristiques individuelles, temporelles (évolution de la mobilité dans l'emploi au cours du temps) et spatiales (rôle du lieu d'origine). Nos résultats montrent que les migrants forment un groupe hétérogène du point de vue de leurs caractéristiques individuelles et de leur employabilité dans le delta de la rivière des Perles. L'insertion sur le marché du travail des femmes, des jeunes et des peu qualifiés est facilitée. La proximité géographique du lieu de départ de la migration est également favorable. Nous examinons enfin les déterminants du salaire urbain des paysans-ouvriers qui s'insèrent sur un marché du travail de plus en plus segmenté et fragmenté.

Suggested Citation

  • Nong Zhu & Cecile Batisse, 2014. "Migrations, emplois et discriminations : le cas des “paysans-ouvriers” de la province du Guangdong," CIRANO Working Papers 2014s-07, CIRANO.
  • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:2014s-07
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Keywords

    peasant-workers; mobility; urban employment; wages; China; paysans-ouvriers; mobilité; emploi urbain; salaire; Chine;
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