IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/cir/cirwor/2000s-59.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

Taxpayers' Response to Tax Rate Changes: A Canadian Panel Study

Author

Listed:
  • Robert Gagné
  • Jean-François Nadeau
  • François Vaillancourt

Abstract

Taxpayers may respond to changes in income tax rates in several manners. One way to classify them is to distinguish between behavioural changes (changes in labour supply, changes in the weights of the different types of labour income, changes in saving behaviour, etc.) and income reporting changes (timing, evasion, ...). Consequently, there might not be a perfectly proportional relationship between tax rate changes and tax revenues. This paper presents a methodology for the estimation of 1)income and 2)number of taxpayer elasticities with respect to marginal income tax rates. The model considers shares of total income and number of taxpayer for three income classes: medium ($50,000-$100,000), high ($100,000-$150,000) and highest ($150,000 and more) for a panel of Canadian provinces over the 1972-1996 period and for three sub-periods (1972-1976, 1977-1987, 1988-1996). The results show significant responses to tax rate changes from taxpayers in the high and highest income classes at the end of the period under study (1988-1996). Results obtained from the number of taxpayer share model also indicate that a significant part of the response of taxpayers to tax rate changes is explained by taxpayers moving to lower income classes. Les contribuables sont en mesure de réagir aux changements dans les taux marginaux d'impôt sur le revenu de diverses manières. Ces réactions sont de deux ordres : changement de comportement (offre de travail, types de revenu, épargne, etc.) ou changement dans la manière de déclarer les revenus (report, évasion fiscale, etc.). Par conséquent, il est possible qu'un changement dans les taux d'impôt entraîne un changement non-proportionnel de l'impôt payé. Cette étude propose une méthodologie permettant l'estimation des élasticités du revenu et du nombre de contribuables par rapport aux taux d'impôt. Trois classes de revenus sont retenues pour l'analyse : revenus moyens (50 000 $ - 100 000 $), revenus élevés (100 000 $ - 150 000 $) et revenus très élevés (150 000 $ et plus). La méthodologie proposée est appliquée à un panel de données provinciales au Canada au cours de la période 1972-1996. Des résultats spécifiques sont présentés pour trois sous-périodes (1972-1976, 1977-1987 et 1988-1996). Ces sous-périodes correspondent aux différents régimes fiscaux qu'a connus le Canada entre 1972 et 1996. Les résultats indiquent des réactions significatives des contribuables à revenus élevés et très élevés durant la période 1988-1996. Les résultats obtenus du modèle portant sur le nombre de contribuables indiquent également qu'une part importante de la réaction s'explique par la migration des contribuables entre les classes de revenu.

Suggested Citation

  • Robert Gagné & Jean-François Nadeau & François Vaillancourt, 2000. "Taxpayers' Response to Tax Rate Changes: A Canadian Panel Study," CIRANO Working Papers 2000s-59, CIRANO.
  • Handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:2000s-59
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://cirano.qc.ca/files/publications/2000s-59.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Martin Feldstein, 1999. "Tax Avoidance And The Deadweight Loss Of The Income Tax," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 81(4), pages 674-680, November.
    2. Saez, Emmanuel, 2003. "The effect of marginal tax rates on income: a panel study of 'bracket creep'," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(5-6), pages 1231-1258, May.
    3. Triest, Robert K, 1992. "The Effect of Income Taxation on Labor Supply when Deductions Are Endogenous," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 74(1), pages 91-99, February.
    4. repec:hoo:wpaper:e-90-11 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Heckman, James J, 1993. "What Has Been Learned about Labor Supply in the Past Twenty Years?," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 83(2), pages 116-121, May.
    6. Mroz, Thomas A, 1987. "The Sensitivity of an Empirical Model of Married Women's Hours of Work to Economic and Statistical Assumptions," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 55(4), pages 765-799, July.
    7. Hausman, Jerry A., 1985. "Taxes and labor supply," Handbook of Public Economics, in: A. J. Auerbach & M. Feldstein (ed.), Handbook of Public Economics, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 4, pages 213-263, Elsevier.
    8. Gerald Auten & Robert Carroll, 1999. "The Effect Of Income Taxes On Household Income," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 81(4), pages 681-693, November.
    9. Rosen, Harvey S, 1976. "Taxes in a Labor Supply Model with Joint Wage-Hours Determination," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 44(3), pages 485-507, May.
    10. Robert K. Triest, 1990. "The Effect of Income Taxation on Labor Supply in the United States," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 25(3), pages 491-516.
    11. Thomas MaCurdy & David Green & Harry Paarsch, 1990. "Assessing Empirical Approaches for Analyzing Taxes and Labor Supply," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 25(3), pages 415-490.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Emmanuel Saez & Michael R. Veall, 2003. "The Evolution of High Incomes in Canada, 1920-2000," Quantitative Studies in Economics and Population Research Reports 382, McMaster University.
    2. Emmanuel Saez & Michael R. Veall, 2005. "The Evolution of High Incomes in Northern America: Lessons from Canadian Evidence," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 95(3), pages 831-849, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Gagné, Robert & Nadeau, Jean-François & Vaillancourt, François, 2004. "Réactions des contribuables aux variations des taux marginaux d’impôt : une étude portant sur des données de panel au Canada," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 80(2), pages 383-404, Juin-Sept.
    2. Hernan Acuna & Randall G. Holcombe, 2010. "The Effect of Changes in the Tax Structure on the Reported Income of High-Income Individuals," Public Finance Review, , vol. 38(3), pages 321-345, May.
    3. Saez, Emmanuel, 2003. "The effect of marginal tax rates on income: a panel study of 'bracket creep'," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(5-6), pages 1231-1258, May.
    4. Anil Kumar, 2012. "Nonparametric estimation of the impact of taxes on female labor supply," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(3), pages 415-439, April.
    5. Bessho, Shun-ichiro & Hayashi, Masayoshi, 2011. "Labor supply response and preferences specification: Estimates for prime-age males in Japan," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 22(5), pages 398-411, October.
    6. Blundell, Richard & Macurdy, Thomas, 1999. "Labor supply: A review of alternative approaches," Handbook of Labor Economics, in: O. Ashenfelter & D. Card (ed.), Handbook of Labor Economics, edition 1, volume 3, chapter 27, pages 1559-1695, Elsevier.
    7. Schaefer, Thilo & Peichl, Andreas & Fuest, Clemens, 2007. "Is a Flat Tax politically feasible in a grown-up Welfare State?," FiFo Discussion Papers - Finanzwissenschaftliche Diskussionsbeiträge 07-6, University of Cologne, FiFo Institute for Public Economics.
    8. Heinz Handler & Andreas Knabe & Bertrand Koebel & Margit Schratzenstaller-Altzinger & Sven Wehke, 2005. "The Impact of Public Budgets on Overall Productivity Growth," WIFO Working Papers 255, WIFO.
    9. Peichl, Andreas & Schneider, Hilmar & Siegloch, Sebastian, 2010. "Documentation IZA?MOD: The IZA Policy SImulation MODel," IZA Discussion Papers 4865, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    10. Shun-ichiro Bessho & Masayoshi Hayashi, 2005. "The CES utility function, non-linear budget constraints and labor supply : results on prime-age males in Japan," Labor Economics Working Papers 21911, East Asian Bureau of Economic Research.
    11. Kumar, Anil, 2008. "Labor supply, deadweight loss and tax reform act of 1986: A nonparametric evaluation using panel data," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 92(1-2), pages 236-253, February.
    12. Atallah, Gamal, 1998. "Les impôts sur le revenu et l’offre de travail des femmes mariées : une revue de la littérature," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 74(1), pages 95-128, mars.
    13. Raj Chetty, 2006. "A New Method of Estimating Risk Aversion," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 96(5), pages 1821-1834, December.
    14. Nada Eissa, 1996. "Tax Reforms and Labor Supply," NBER Chapters, in: Tax Policy and the Economy, Volume 10, pages 119-151, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    15. Soren Blomquist & Anil Kumar & Che-Yuan Liang & Whitney K. Newey, 2022. "Nonlinear Budget Set Regressions for the Random Utility Model," Working Papers 2219, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas.
    16. Sanz Labrador, Ismael & Sanz-Sanz, José Félix, 2013. "Política fiscal y crecimiento económico: consideraciones microeconómicas y relaciones macroeconómicas," Macroeconomía del Desarrollo 5367, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL).
    17. Olivier Bargain & Kristian Orsini & Andreas Peichl, 2014. "Comparing Labor Supply Elasticities in Europe and the United States: New Results," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 49(3), pages 723-838.
    18. Feldstein, Martin, 1995. "The Effect of Marginal Tax Rates on Taxable Income: A Panel Study of the 1986 Tax Reform Act," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 103(3), pages 551-572, June.
    19. Agell, Jonas & Persson, Mats & Sacklén, Hans, 1999. "Labour Supply Prediction When Tax Avoidance Matters," Seminar Papers 679, Stockholm University, Institute for International Economic Studies.
    20. Michiel Evers & Ruud A. De Mooij & Daniel J. Van Vuuren, 2005. "What Explains the Variation in Estimates of Labour Supply Elasticities?," CESifo Working Paper Series 1633, CESifo.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:cir:cirwor:2000s-59. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Webmaster (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/ciranca.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.