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Réactions des contribuables aux variations des taux marginaux d’impôt : une étude portant sur des données de panel au Canada

Author

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  • Gagné, Robert

    (HEC Montréal)

  • Nadeau, Jean-François

    (University of British Columbia)

  • Vaillancourt, François

    (Université de Montréal)

Abstract

Taxpayers may respond to changes in income tax rates in several manners. One way to classify them is to distinguish between behavioural changes (changes in labour supply, changes in the weights of the different types of labour income, changes in saving behaviour, etc.) and income reporting changes (timing, evasion, ...). Consequently, there might not be a perfectly proportional relationship between tax rate changes and tax revenues. This paper presents a methodology for the estimation of 1) income and 2) number of taxpayer elasticities with respect to marginal income tax rates. The model considers shares of total income and number of taxpayer for three income classes: medium ($50,000 - $100,000), high ($100,000 - $150,000) and highest ($150,000 and more) for a panel of Canadian provinces over the 1972-1996 period and for three sub-periods (1972-1976, 1977-1987, 1988-1996). The results show significant responses to tax rate changes from taxpayers in the high and highest income classes at the end of the period under study (1988-1996). Results obtained from the number of taxpayer share model also indicate that a significant part of the response of taxpayers to tax rate changes is explained by taxpayers moving to lower income classes. Cette étude porte sur l’évaluation de l’élasticité des revenus déclarés relativement au taux marginaux d’impôt sur le revenu au Canada. L’étude s’appuie sur des données provinciales agrégées de 1972 à 1996. Le modèle économétrique permet d’expliquer conjointement les parts de trois classes de revenus : 50 000 $ - 100 000 $, 100 000 $ - 150 000 $ et 150 000 $ et plus. Ce modèle tient compte à la fois des effets spécifiques aux provinces et au temps. De plus, la spécification utilisée prend en considération les conditions macroéconomiques générales (PIB et taux de chômage) ainsi que la distribution sous-jacente des revenus (coefficient de Gini). Par ailleurs, les résultats d’un modèle expliquant la part du nombre de contribuables dans chaque classe de revenus sont également examinés. Les résultats montrent qu’au cours de la dernière partie de la période étudiée (soit de 1988 à 1996), les contribuables appartenant aux classes de revenus les plus élevés (100 000 $ et plus) étaient sensibles aux variations des taux marginaux d’impôt à un point tel que toute augmentation de ces taux entraînait une baisse plus que proportionnelle des revenus déclarés et, par conséquent, une diminution des revenus de l’État. Les résultats complémentaires provenant du modèle portant sur le nombre de contribuables (par classe de revenus) démontrent que ces baisses de revenus s’expliquent par la migration des contribuables vers des niveaux de revenus (et de taxation) plus faibles.

Suggested Citation

  • Gagné, Robert & Nadeau, Jean-François & Vaillancourt, François, 2004. "Réactions des contribuables aux variations des taux marginaux d’impôt : une étude portant sur des données de panel au Canada," L'Actualité Economique, Société Canadienne de Science Economique, vol. 80(2), pages 383-404, Juin-Sept.
  • Handle: RePEc:ris:actuec:v:80:y:2004:i:2:p:383-404
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    References listed on IDEAS

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