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How to Detect Network Dependence in Latent Factor Models? A Bias-Corrected CD Test

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  • M. Hashem Pesaran
  • Yimeng Xie

Abstract

In a recent paper Juodis and Reese (2022) (JR) show that the application of the CD test proposed by Pesaran (2004) to residuals from panels with latent factors results in over-rejection. They propose a randomized test statistic to correct for over-rejection, and add a screening component to achieve power. This paper considers the same problem but from a different perspective, and shows that the standard CD test remains valid if the latent factors are weak in the sense the strength is less than half. In the case where latent factors are strong, we propose a bias-corrected version, CD*, which is shown to be asymptotically standard normal under the null of error cross-sectional independence and have power against network type alternatives. This result is shown to hold for pure latent factor models as well as for panel regression models with latent factors. The case where the errors are serially correlated is also considered. Small sample properties of the CD* test are investigated by Monte Carlo experiments and are shown to have the correct size for strong and weak factors as well as for Gaussian and non-Gaussian errors. In contrast, it is found that JR.s test tends to over-reject in the case of panels with non-Gaussian errors, and has low power against spatial network alternatives. In an empirical application, using the CD* test, it is shown that there remains spatial error dependence in a panel data model for real house price changes across 377 Metropolitan Statistical Areas in the U.S., even after the effects of latent factors are filtered out.

Suggested Citation

  • M. Hashem Pesaran & Yimeng Xie, 2024. "How to Detect Network Dependence in Latent Factor Models? A Bias-Corrected CD Test," CESifo Working Paper Series 11470, CESifo.
  • Handle: RePEc:ces:ceswps:_11470
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. A. Chudik & G. Kapetanios & M. Hashem Pesaran, 2018. "A One Covariate at a Time, Multiple Testing Approach to Variable Selection in High‐Dimensional Linear Regression Models," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 86(4), pages 1479-1512, July.
    2. M Hashem Pesaran & Takashi Yamagata, 2024. "Testing for Alpha in Linear Factor Pricing Models with a Large Number of Securities," Journal of Financial Econometrics, Oxford University Press, vol. 22(2), pages 407-460.
    3. Pesaran, M. Hashem & Tosetti, Elisa, 2011. "Large panels with common factors and spatial correlation," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 161(2), pages 182-202, April.
    4. Artūras Juodis & Simon Reese, 2022. "The Incidental Parameters Problem in Testing for Remaining Cross-Section Correlation," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 40(3), pages 1191-1203, June.
    5. Jushan Bai, 2003. "Inferential Theory for Factor Models of Large Dimensions," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 71(1), pages 135-171, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    latent factor models; strong and weak factors; error cross-sectional independence; spatial and network alternatives; size and power;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C18 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Methodolical Issues: General
    • C23 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • C55 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Large Data Sets: Modeling and Analysis

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