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Shareholder Power and the Decline of Labor

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  • Antonio Falato
  • Hyunseob Kim
  • Till von Wachter

Abstract

Shareholder power in the US grew over recent decades due to a steep rise in concentrated institutional ownership. Using establishment-level data from the US Census Bureau’s Longitudinal Business Database for 1982-2015, this paper examines the impact of increases in concentrated institutional ownership on employment, wages, shareholder returns, and labor productivity. Consistent with theory of the firm based on conflicts of interests between shareholders and stakeholders, we find that establishments of firms that experience an increase in ownership by larger and more concentrated institutional shareholders have lower employment and wages. This result holds in both panel regressions with establishment fixed effects and a difference-in-differences design that exploits large increases in concentrated institutional ownership, and is robust to controls for industry and local shocks. The result is more pronounced in industries where labor is relatively less unionized, in more monopsonistic local labor markets, and for dedicated and activist institutional shareholders. The labor losses are accompanied by higher shareholder returns but no improvements in labor productivity, suggesting that shareholder power mainly reallocates rents away from workers. Our results imply that the rise in concentrated institutional ownership could explain about a quarter of the secular decline in the aggregate labor share.

Suggested Citation

  • Antonio Falato & Hyunseob Kim & Till von Wachter, 2022. "Shareholder Power and the Decline of Labor," Working Papers 22-17, Center for Economic Studies, U.S. Census Bureau.
    • Handle: RePEc:cen:wpaper:22-17
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    File URL: https://www2.census.gov/ces/wp/2022/CES-WP-22-17.pdf
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    Cited by:

    1. Alzate,David & Eliana Carranza & Duran-Franch,Joana & Truman G. Packard & Celina Proffen, 2024. "How Regulations Impact the Labor Market : A Review of the Literatures on Product and Labor Market Regulations," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10961, The World Bank.
    2. Liu, Guannan & Wang, Anqi & Wang, Kedi & Zhao, Qiuyun, 2024. "Shareholder bargaining power and labor income share: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
    3. Alzate,David & Eliana Carranza & Duran-Franch,Joana & Truman G. Packard & Celina Proffen, 2024. "How Regulations Impact the Labor Market : A Review of the Literatures on Product and Labor Market Regulations," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10961, The World Bank.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Shareholder power; institutional ownership; concentration; employment; payroll;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G34 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance
    • J30 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - General
    • J50 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining - - - General

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