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Travel Behavior Changes Among Users of Partially Automated Vehicles

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  • Hardman, Scott PhD

Abstract

Partially automated battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are being sold to and used by consumers. Estimates indicate that as of the end of 2019, there were over 700,000 Partially Automated Tesla Vehicles—the subject of this study—on the roads globally. Despite this, little research has been done to understand how they may be changing travel behavior. In this study, qualitative interviews with 36 users of Tesla BEVs with Autopilot were conducted. The goal of this was to understand how Autopilot is used, user experiences of the system, and whether the system has any impact on drivers’ travel behavior. The focus of the last of these aims was to determine whether Autopilot could cause or was causing an increase in vehicle miles traveled (VMT) among the study participants. Results from the interviews showed that partial automation leads to consumers travelling by car more and being more willing to drive in congested traffic. These changes are due to increased comfort, reduced stress, and increased relaxation due to the partial automation system, and because of the lower running costs of a BEV. The results also point to a need for further research of partially automated vehicles that are already on the market, as 11 of 17 reasons for increased VMT that have been identified in modeling studies of fully automated vehicles (not yet commercially available) applied to users of Autopilot.

Suggested Citation

  • Hardman, Scott PhD, 2020. "Travel Behavior Changes Among Users of Partially Automated Vehicles," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt8p0351m1, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    • Handle: RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt8p0351m1
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Aggelos Soteropoulos & Martin Berger & Francesco Ciari, 2019. "Impacts of automated vehicles on travel behaviour and land use: an international review of modelling studies," Transport Reviews, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(1), pages 29-49, January.
    2. Kolarova, Viktoriya & Steck, Felix & Bahamonde-Birke, Francisco J., 2019. "Assessing the effect of autonomous driving on value of travel time savings: A comparison between current and future preferences," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 155-169.
    3. Hardman, Scott & Lee, Jae Hyun & Tal, Gil, 2019. "How do drivers use automation? Insights from a survey of partially automated vehicle owners in the United States," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 246-256.
    4. Mustapha Harb & Yu Xiao & Giovanni Circella & Patricia L. Mokhtarian & Joan L. Walker, 2018. "Projecting travelers into a world of self-driving vehicles: estimating travel behavior implications via a naturalistic experiment," Transportation, Springer, vol. 45(6), pages 1671-1685, November.
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    1. Esko Lehtonen & Johanna Wörle & Fanny Malin & Barbara Metz & Satu Innamaa, 2022. "Travel experience matters: Expected personal mobility impacts after simulated L3/L4 automated driving," Transportation, Springer, vol. 49(5), pages 1295-1314, October.
    2. Hardman, Scott PhD & Chakraborty, Debapriya PhD & Kohn, Eben, 2021. "A Quantitative Investigation into the Impact of Partially Automated Vehicles on Vehicle Miles Travelled in California," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt58t7674n, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Engineering; Level 2 driving automation; autonomous vehicles; vehicle miles traveled; travel behavior; electric vehicles; interviews;
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