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Potential Challenges and Research Needs in reaching 100% Zero Emission Vehicle Sales- A Focus on Plug-in Electric Vehicles

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  • Hardman, Scott PhD
  • Chakraborty, Amrita PhD
  • Hoogland, Kelly
  • Sugihara, Claire

Abstract

This project provides a literature review of research on zero emission vehicles (ZEVs) which includes fuel cell vehicles, battery electric vehicles, and plug-on hybrid electric vehicles, the latter are referred to as plug-in electric vehicles (PEV). In the review we focus on PEVs due to a lack of literature on fuel cell vehicles. We consider buyer and consumer perceptions of PEVs including perceived barriers to PEV adoption, consumer knowledge of PEVs, issues associated with incentives, and issues associated with infrastructure. The aim is to understand potential barriers to higher PEV sales and future research needs relating to PEV adoption. The PEV market shows many signs of becoming more robust. This includes PEV buyer demographics shifting toward the demographics of buyers of all types of new cars and improvements in PEV technology. Some challenges may remain, however. These include understanding the needs of households without home charging, engaging female car buyers in PEVs, engaging more of the general population in the PEV transition, substantially reducing PEV purchase prices, and incentive discontinuities potentially impacting adoption. Finally, disparities in rebate allocation, infrastructure deployment, and PEV sales indicate the transition is not yet equitable. This may require specific policy actions to address.

Suggested Citation

  • Hardman, Scott PhD & Chakraborty, Amrita PhD & Hoogland, Kelly & Sugihara, Claire, 2022. "Potential Challenges and Research Needs in reaching 100% Zero Emission Vehicle Sales- A Focus on Plug-in Electric Vehicles," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt8dt5b2q6, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    • Handle: RePEc:cdl:itsdav:qt8dt5b2q6
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Clinton, Bentley C. & Steinberg, Daniel C., 2019. "Providing the Spark: Impact of financial incentives on battery electric vehicle adoption," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    2. Chakraborty, Debapriya & Bunch, David S. & Brownstone, David & Xu, Bingzheng & Tal, Gil, 2022. "Plug-in electric vehicle diffusion in California: Role of exposure to new technology at home and work," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 156(C), pages 133-151.
    3. Wang, Ning & Tang, Linhao & Pan, Huizhong, 2017. "Effectiveness of policy incentives on electric vehicle acceptance in China: A discrete choice analysis," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 210-218.
    4. White, Lee V. & Sintov, Nicole D., 2017. "You are what you drive: Environmentalist and social innovator symbolism drives electric vehicle adoption intentions," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 94-113.
    5. Turrentine, Tom & Kurani, Kenneth S, 2007. "Car buyers and fuel economy?," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt56x845v4, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    6. Nicholas, Michael A. & Tal, Gil & Turrentine, Thomas S., 2017. "Advanced Plug-in Electric Vehicle Travel and Charging Behavior Interim Report," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt9c28789j, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
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    Keywords

    Engineering; Zero emission vehicles; plug-in hybrid vehicles; incentives; consumer behavior; demographics; electric vehicle charging; automobile ownership;
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