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Central counterparty capitalization and misaligned incentives

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  • Wenqian Huang

Abstract

Financial stability depends on the effective regulation of central counterparties (CCPs), which must take account of the incentives that drive CCP behavior. This paper studies the incentives of a for-profit CCP with limited liability. It faces a trade-off between fee income and counterparty credit risk. A better-capitalized CCP sets a higher collateral requirement to reduce potential default losses, even though it forgoes fee income by deterring potential traders. I show empirically that a 1% increase in CCP capital is associated with a 0.6% increase in required collateral. Limited liability, however, creates a wedge between its capital and collateral policy and the socially optimal solution to this trade-off. The optimal capital requirements should account for clearing fees.

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  • Wenqian Huang, 2019. "Central counterparty capitalization and misaligned incentives," BIS Working Papers 767, Bank for International Settlements.
    • Handle: RePEc:bis:biswps:767
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Boissel, Charles & Derrien, François & Ors, Evren & Thesmar, David, 2017. "Systemic risk in clearing houses: Evidence from the European repo market," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 125(3), pages 511-536.
    2. Elliott, David, 2013. "Financial Stability Paper No 20: Central counterparty loss-allocation rules," Bank of England Financial Stability Papers 20, Bank of England.
    3. Bruno Biais & Florian Heider & Marie Hoerova, 2012. "Clearing, Counterparty Risk, and Aggregate Risk," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 60(2), pages 193-222, July.
    4. Thorsten V. Koeppl, 2013. "The Limits Of Central Counterparty Clearing: Collusive Moral Hazard And Market Liquidity," Working Paper 1312, Economics Department, Queen's University.
    5. Vincent Bignon & Guillaume Vuillemey, 2020. "The Failure of a Clearinghouse: Empirical Evidence [Counterparty risk externality: centralized versus over-the-counter markets]," Review of Finance, European Finance Association, vol. 24(1), pages 99-128.
    6. Darrell Duffie & Haoxiang Zhu, 2011. "Does a Central Clearing Counterparty Reduce Counterparty Risk?," The Review of Asset Pricing Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 1(1), pages 74-95.
    7. Cumming, Fergus & Noss, Joseph, 2013. "Financial Stability Paper No 26: Assessing the adequacy of CCPs' default resources," Bank of England Financial Stability Papers 26, Bank of England.
    8. Cont Rama & Kokholm Thomas, 2014. "Central clearing of OTC derivatives: Bilateral vs multilateral netting," Statistics & Risk Modeling, De Gruyter, vol. 31(1), pages 3-22, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Mark Paddrik & Simpson Zhang, 2019. "Central Counterparty Default Waterfalls and Systemic Loss," 2019 Meeting Papers 213, Society for Economic Dynamics.
    2. Schroth, Josef, 2021. "Macroprudential policy with capital buffers," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 296-311.
    3. Ghamami, Samim & Paddrik, Mark & Zhang, Simpson, 2023. "Central Counterparty Default Waterfalls and Systemic Loss," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 58(8), pages 3577-3612, December.
    4. Kubitza, Christian & Pelizzon, Loriana & Getmansky, Mila, 2018. "The pitfalls of central clearing in the presence of systematic risk," ICIR Working Paper Series 31/18, Goethe University Frankfurt, International Center for Insurance Regulation (ICIR).
    5. Jorge Cruz Lopez & Mark Manning, 2017. "Who Pays? CCP Resource Provision in the Post-Pittsburgh World," Discussion Papers 17-17, Bank of Canada.
    6. Inaki Aldasoro & Luitgard A M Veraart, 2022. "Systemic Risk in Markets with Multiple Central Counterparties," BIS Working Papers 1052, Bank for International Settlements.
    7. Wenqian Huang & Albert J. Menkveld & Shihao Yu, 2021. "Central Counterparty Exposure in Stressed Markets," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 67(6), pages 3596-3617, June.
    8. Huang, Wenqian & Zhu, Haoxiang, 2024. "CCP auction design," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    9. Wenqian Huang & Elöd Takáts, 2024. "Model Risk at Central Counterparties: Is Skin in the Game a Game Changer?," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 20(3), pages 161-184, July.
    10. Robert Oleschak, 2019. "Central Counterparty Auctions and Loss Allocation," Working Papers 2019-06, Swiss National Bank.
    11. Christian Kubitza & Loriana Pelizzon & Mila Getmansky Sherman, 2024. "Loss Sharing in Central Clearinghouses: Winners and Losers," The Review of Asset Pricing Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 14(2), pages 237-273.
    12. Christina Brinkmann, 2023. "Differentiation in Risk Profiles," CRC TR 224 Discussion Paper Series crctr224_2023_444, University of Bonn and University of Mannheim, Germany.
    13. Friesz, Melinda & Váradi, Kata, 2023. "Your skin or mine: Ensuring the viability of a central counterparty," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).
    14. Bank for International Settlements, 2019. "Establishing viable capital markets," CGFS Papers, Bank for International Settlements, number 62, October –.
    15. Christina Brinkmann, 2022. "Imperfect Competition in Derivatives Markets," ECONtribute Discussion Papers Series 153, University of Bonn and University of Cologne, Germany.
    16. Maximilian Jager & Frederick Zadow, 2023. "Clear(ed) Decision: The Effect of Central Clearing on Firms Financing Decision," CRC TR 224 Discussion Paper Series crctr224_2023_445, University of Bonn and University of Mannheim, Germany.
    17. Jessie Jiaxu Wang & Agostino Capponi & Hongzhong Zhang, 2022. "A Theory of Collateral Requirements for Central Counterparties," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 68(9), pages 6993-7017, September.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    central counterparties (CCPs); capital requirement; financial stability;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G01 - Financial Economics - - General - - - Financial Crises
    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G22 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Insurance; Insurance Companies; Actuarial Studies

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