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Some trends and patterns of firm financing in Colombia

Author

Listed:
  • Camilo Gómez
  • María Fernanda Meneses-González
  • Andrés Murcia
  • Carlos Quicazán-Moreno
  • Angie Rozada
  • Hernando Vargas-Herrera

Abstract

After a protracted period of financial deepening following a financial crisis at the end of the 20th century, the ratio of corporate bank loans to GDP in Colombia stagnated between 2016 and 2019. In this paper, we explore if firms have substituted bank loans for other financial instruments or if there has been a deleveraging process. From a longer-term growth perspective, we also aim to investigate whether fast-growing firms differ from others in terms of their financial leverage. We find that the decline in the ratio of bank corporate loans to GDP is related to a substitution of funding sources and is not part of a firm’s balance sheet deleveraging process. We also find that the slowdown in financial liabilities coincided with a decrease in the investment-to-GDP ratio that was part of the macroeconomic adjustment to a sharp deterioration of terms of trade between 2014 and 2016. An exploration of granular firm data indicates that fast-sale-growing enterprises typically display greater total leverage ratios, but their relative reliance on financial liabilities is less clear. On the other hand, financial leverage is higher for firms that exhibit large CAPEX-to-asset ratios. Thus, the association between financial intermediation and investment seems stronger than between financial intermediation and sales growth. **** RESUMEN: Después de un prolongado período de profundización financiera tras la crisis de finales del siglo XX, la relación entre préstamos bancarios corporativos y PIB en Colombia se estancó entre 2016 y 2019. En este artículo, exploramos si las empresas han sustituido préstamos bancarios por otros instrumentos financieros o si ha habido un proceso de desapalancamiento. Desde una perspectiva de crecimiento a más largo plazo, también exploramos si las empresas de rápido crecimiento se diferencian de otras en términos de su apalancamiento financiero. Encontramos que la disminución en la razón de los préstamos bancarios corporativos a PIB está relacionada con una sustitución de fuentes de financiamiento y no es parte de un proceso de desapalancamiento del balance de las firmas. También encontramos que la desaceleración de los pasivos financieros coincidió con una disminución en la relación inversión/PIB que fue parte del ajuste macroeconómico derivado del fuerte deterioro de los términos de intercambio entre 2014 y 2016. Una exploración de datos de empresas desagregados indica que las empresas de alto crecimiento de ventas suelen mostrar mayores tasasde apalancamiento total, pero su dependencia relativa a los pasivos financieros es menos clara. Por otro lado, el apalancamiento financiero es mayor para las empresas que exhiben altas razones deCAPEX a activos. Por tanto, la relación entre intermediación financiera e inversión parece ser más fuerte que entre intermediación financiera y crecimiento de las ventas.

Suggested Citation

  • Camilo Gómez & María Fernanda Meneses-González & Andrés Murcia & Carlos Quicazán-Moreno & Angie Rozada & Hernando Vargas-Herrera, 2024. "Some trends and patterns of firm financing in Colombia," Borradores de Economia 1274, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
  • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:1274
    DOI: 10.32468/be.1274
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Da Rin, Marco & Hellmann, Thomas, 2002. "Banks as Catalysts for Industrialization," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 11(4), pages 366-397, October.
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    3. Levine, Ross, 2005. "Finance and Growth: Theory and Evidence," Handbook of Economic Growth, in: Philippe Aghion & Steven Durlauf (ed.), Handbook of Economic Growth, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 12, pages 865-934, Elsevier.
    4. Ben Bernanke & Mark Gertler, 1990. "Financial Fragility and Economic Performance," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 105(1), pages 87-114.
    5. Beck, Thorsten & Levine, Ross & Loayza, Norman, 2000. "Finance and the sources of growth," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 58(1-2), pages 261-300.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Financial deepening; Private corporate sector credit; Corporate finance; Profundización financiera; Crédito al sector corporativo privado; Financiación corporativa;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G30 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - General

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