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Climate change: policies to manage its macroeconomic and financial effects

Author

Listed:
  • Joaquín Bernal-Ramírez

    (Banco de la República de Colombia)

  • José Antonio Ocampo

    (Banco de la República de Colombia)

Abstract

It is increasingly recognized that climate change generates major macroeconomic and financial risks. There are physical risks associated to the disasters generated by hydrometeorological events and to gradual but persistent changes in temperatures that have structural impacts on economic activity, productivity and incomes. Additionally, the process of adjustment towards a lower-carbon economy, prompted by changes in climate-related policies, technological disruptions and changes in consumer preferences, generates transition risks. After a brief analysis of the macroeconomic, fiscal and tax policies to manage these risks, this paper concentrates on: (i) how financial policies can help improve transparency and climate-related risk disclosure in financial institutions’ balance sheets and assets prices, particularly with appropriate prudential regulation and supervision; and (ii) how those risks could be taken into account in monetary policy and central banks’ balance sheets and operations. The paper ends with some reflections on the Covid-19 pandemic and the will for a “green” recovery. **** ABSTRACT: Cada vez se reconoce con mayor claridad que el cambio climático genera importantes riesgos macroeconómicos y financieros. Existen riesgos físicos asociados a los desastres generados por eventos hidrometeorológicos y a cambios graduales pero persistentes en las temperaturas que tienen un impacto estructural en la actividad económica, la productividad y los ingresos. Además, el proceso de ajuste hacia una economía con bajas emisiones de carbono, inducido por cambios en las políticas relacionadas con el clima, cambios tecnológicos y cambios en las preferencias de los consumidores, genera riesgos de transición. Después de un breve análisis de las políticas macroeconómicas, fiscales y fiscales para gestionar estos riesgos, este documento se concentra en: (i) la forma como las políticas financieras pueden ayudar a mejorar la transparencia y la información de los riesgos relacionados con el clima en los balances de las instituciones financieras y los precios de los activos, particularmente con una política de regulación y supervisión prudencial apropiada; y (ii) cómo se podrían tener en cuenta esos riesgos en la política monetaria y en los balances y operaciones de los bancos centrales. El artículo termina con algunas reflexiones sobre la pandemia de Covid-19 y la voluntad de una recuperación “verde”.

Suggested Citation

  • Joaquín Bernal-Ramírez & José Antonio Ocampo, 2020. "Climate change: policies to manage its macroeconomic and financial effects," Borradores de Economia 1127, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.
    • Handle: RePEc:bdr:borrec:1127
    DOI: https://doi.org/10.32468/be.1127
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    4. Dikau, Simon & Volz, Ulrich, 2021. "Central bank mandates, sustainability objectives and the promotion of green finance," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
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    6. Ingo Fender & Mike McMorrow & Vahe Sahakyan & Omar Zulaica, 2019. "Green bonds: the reserve management perspective," BIS Quarterly Review, Bank for International Settlements, September.
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    8. Patrick Bolton & Morgan Despres & Luiz Awazu Pereira da Silva & Frédéric Samama & Romain Svartzman, 2020. "The green swan," BIS Books, Bank for International Settlements, number 31.
    9. Lael Brainard, 2019. "Why Climate Change Matters for Monetary Policy and Financial Stability : a speech at \"The Economics of Climate Change\" a research conference sponsored by the Federal Reserve Bank of San Fr," Speech 1101, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    10. Signe Krogstrup & William Oman, 2019. "Macroeconomic and Financial Policies for Climate Change Mitigation: A Review of the Literature," IMF Working Papers 2019/185, International Monetary Fund.
    11. Werner, Richard A., 2016. "A lost century in economics: Three theories of banking and the conclusive evidence," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 361-379.
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    Cited by:

    1. Joaquín Bernal-Ramírez & Jair Ojeda-Joya & Camila Agudelo-Rivera & Felipe Clavijo-Ramírez & Carolina Durana-Ángel & Clark Granger-Castaño & Daniel Osorio-Rodríguez & Daniel Parra-Amado & José Pulido &, 2022. "Impacto macroeconómico del cambio climático en Colombia," Revista ESPE - Ensayos sobre Política Económica, Banco de la Republica de Colombia, issue 102, pages 1-62, July.
    2. José Antonio Ocampo, 2022. "Ensuring Global Financial Stability," Chapters, in: Lili Yan Ing & Dani Rodrik (ed.), New Normal, New Technologies, New Financing, chapter 4, pages 38-50, Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA).
    3. Antoine GODIN & Alvaro MORENO & Diego GUEVARA & Jhan ANDRADE & Christos PIERROS & Devrim YILMAZ & Sebastian VALDECANTOS, 2022. "Thinking macroeconomic vulnerabilities in the context of low-carbon transition," Working Paper f033267a-4c36-4ee0-8e3b-7, Agence française de développement.
    4. Jair Ojeda-Joya, 2022. "A Counterfactual Analysis of the Effects of Climate Change on the Natural Interest Rate," IHEID Working Papers 10-2022, Economics Section, The Graduate Institute of International Studies.
    5. repec:avg:wpaper:en11706 is not listed on IDEAS
    6. Camila Agudelo-Rivera & Clark Granger-Castaño & Andrés Sánchez-Jabba, 2022. "The Expected Effects of Climate Change on Colombia’s Current Account," Borradores de Economia 1214, Banco de la Republica de Colombia.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Climate change; carbon tax; financial policy; monetary policy; central Banks; cambio climático; impuesto al carbono; política financiera; política monetaria; bancos centrales.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E50 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - General
    • G18 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • H23 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming

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