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To be or not to be “green”: how can monetary policy react to climate change?

Author

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  • Boneva, Lena
  • Ferrucci, Gianluigi
  • Mongelli, Francesco Paolo

Abstract

Climate change has profound effects not only for societies and economies, but also for central banks’ ability to deliver price stability in the future. This paper starts by documenting why climate change matters for monetary policy: it impacts the economic variables relevant to setting the monetary policy stance, it interacts with fiscal and structural responses and it can generate dislocations in financial markets, which are impossible for monetary policy to ignore. Next, we survey several possible ways central banks can respond to climate change. These range from protective actions to more proactive measures aimed at mitigating climate change and supporting green finance and the transition to sustainable growth. We also discuss the constraints and trade-offs faced by central banks as they respond to climate risks. Finally, focusing on the specific challenges faced by inflation-targeting central banks, we consider how certain design features of this regime might interact with, and evolve in response to, the climate challenge. JEL Classification: E52, E58, Q54

Suggested Citation

  • Boneva, Lena & Ferrucci, Gianluigi & Mongelli, Francesco Paolo, 2021. "To be or not to be “green”: how can monetary policy react to climate change?," Occasional Paper Series 285, European Central Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:ecb:ecbops:2021285
    Note: 401150
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Mertzanis, Charilaos, 2024. "Central bank policies and green bond issuance on a global scale," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    3. Monasterolo,Irene & Mandel,Antoine & Battiston,Stefano & Mazzocchetti,Andrea & Oppermann,Klaus & Coony,Jonathan D'Entremont & Stretton,Stephen John & Stewart,Fiona Elizabeth & Dunz,Nepomuk Max Ferdina, 2022. "The Role of Green Financial Sector Initiatives in the Low-Carbon Transition : A Theoryof Change," Policy Research Working Paper Series 10181, The World Bank.
    4. Eleni Argiri & Ifigeneia Skotida, 2021. "The 2021 review of the monetary policy strategy of the Eurosystem: an economy of forces," Economic Bulletin, Bank of Greece, issue 54, pages 23-57, December.
    5. Carè, R. & Fatima, R. & Boitan, I.A., 2024. "Central banks and climate risks: Where we are and where we are going?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 1200-1229.
    6. Jannik Hensel & Giacomo Mangiante & Luca Moretti, 2023. "Carbon Pricing and Inflation Expectations: Evidence from France," CESifo Working Paper Series 10552, CESifo.
    7. Boneva, Lena & Ferrucci, Gianluigi, 2022. "Inflation and climate change: the role of climate variables in inflation forecasting and macro modelling," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 115533, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    8. Rüdiger Fahlenbrach & Eric Jondeau, 2023. "Greening the Swiss National Bank’s Portfolio," The Review of Corporate Finance Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 12(4), pages 792-833.
    9. Pal Peter Kolozsi & Balazs Istvan Horvath & Judit Csutine-Baranyai & Veronika Tengely, 2022. "Monetary Policy and Green Transition," Financial and Economic Review, Magyar Nemzeti Bank (Central Bank of Hungary), vol. 21(4), pages 7-28.
    10. Mongelli, Francesco Paolo & Pointner, Wolfgang & van den End, Jan Willem, 2022. "The effects of climate change on the natural rate of interest: a critical survey," Working Paper Series 2744, European Central Bank.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    climate change; environmental economics; green finance; monetary policy; sustainable growth economics;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming

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