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Radiografía del sector servicios en España

Author

Listed:
  • Esther Gordo

    (Banco de España)

  • Javier Jareño

    (Banco de España)

  • Alberto Urtasun

    (Banco de España)

Abstract

A pesar de la enorme y creciente importancia de las ramas de actividad de servicios en las economías desarrolladas, hasta fechas recientes los recursos destinados a su análisis han sido muy inferiores a los dirigidos a las ramas industriales. Las mejoras en lo que se refiere a la disponibilidad de información, que anteriormente era muy limitada, permiten abordar el análisis de este sector desde perspectivas muy diversas. En este sentido, el objeto del presente trabajo es cubrir algunas de las lagunas existentes en el análisis de los servicios españoles, poniendo de manifiesto aquellas características diferenciales que pueden ser esenciales para entender el débil comportamiento de su productividad. El estudio se aborda desde cinco perspectivas complementarias. En primer lugar se utilizan las grandes cifras macroeconómicas para describir los principales rasgos de la estructura y evolución de los servicios. En segundo término, se analizan las características estructurales de las empresas de servicios, tanto desde una perspectiva agregada como sectorial. La inversión en innovación, eje fundamental para el logro de mayores avances en la productividad, constituye la tercera perspectiva del trabajo. Junto con el capital tecnológico, el capital humano se erige en otra de las posibles fuentes de mejoras de productividad; es por ello que, como cuarto enfoque se analizan las características del empleo en los servicios. Finalmente, y con el fin de conocer cómo se relacionan los servicios con el resto de la economía, se examinan las relaciones intersectoriales mediante las tablas de origen destino. Todas las características, o perspectivas, anteriores son difíciles de evaluar de forma aislada, siendo necesario establecer un marco de comparación. En este trabajo se emplean dos puntos de referencia: el sector industrial, como rama de actividad que históricamente ha mostrado mayores avances de productividad, y los sectores de servicios de las economías que constituyen nuestro entorno económico más próximo (Alemania, Francia, Italia y Reino Unido). También, cuando la información lo permite, se consideran algunos rasgos de los servicios en Estados Unidos, que en algunos casos constituyen un paradigma de los avances de productividad.Los resultados obtenidos son tan heterogéneos como la propia naturaleza de las actividades que se engloban en esta rama de actividad. Sin embargo, tal vez puedan destacarse la especialización relativa de la economía española en servicios que por su naturaleza presentan un menor nivel de productividad, como son los relacionados con el turismo; la enorme presencia relativa de empresas pequeñas o muy pequeñas en la mayor parte de las actividades y que muestran niveles de productividad muy interiores a los de sus homólogas europeas; el menor esfuerzo en innovación tecnológica de los servicios españoles y la elevada orientación de su inversión hacia la ampliación de infraestructuras y construcción, en detrimento de los bienes de equipo.

Suggested Citation

  • Esther Gordo & Javier Jareño & Alberto Urtasun, 2006. "Radiografía del sector servicios en España," Occasional Papers 0607, Banco de España.
  • Handle: RePEc:bde:opaper:0607
    as

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    File URL: http://www.bde.es/f/webbde/SES/Secciones/Publicaciones/PublicacionesSeriadas/DocumentosOcasionales/06/Fic/do0607.pdf
    File Function: First spanish version, October 2006
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. George Chouliarakis & Mónica Correa-López, 2009. "Catching-up, then falling behind: Comparative productivity growth between Spain and the United Kingdom, 1950-2004," Centre for Growth and Business Cycle Research Discussion Paper Series 131, Economics, The University of Manchester.
    2. Ricardo Bebczuk, 2011. "General Facts About the Service Sector in Argentina," Chapters, in: Werner Baer & David Fleischer (ed.), The Economies of Argentina and Brazil, chapter 7, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    3. Trigo, Alexandre & Vence, Xavier, 2012. "Scope and patterns of innovation cooperation in Spanish service enterprises," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41(3), pages 602-613.

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