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Anchored Inflation Expectations: What Recent Data Reveal

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  • Olena Kostyshyna
  • Isabelle Salle
  • Hung Truong

Abstract

We analyze micro-level data from the Canadian Survey of Consumer Expectations through the lens of a heterogeneous-expectations model to study the state-dependent risk of inflation expectations unanchoring in low- and high-inflation environments. In our model, agents are either trend-chasing or mean-reverting forecasters of inflation. We interpret the degree of mean reversion in inflation expectations as a measure of anchoring, which varies over time with the share of agents using each approach. We find that during the post-pandemic inflation spike, trend-chasing expectations surged, resulting in a heightened risk of unanchoring expectations and entrenching above-target inflation. Furthermore, forming trend-chasing inflation expectations is associated with higher expectations for other key economic variables — such as interest rates, wages, and house prices — and a restraint in household spending. We provide additional new insights into household expectation formation, documenting that forecasting behaviors, attention, and noise in beliefs vary across socio-demographic groups and correlate with views about monetary policy.

Suggested Citation

  • Olena Kostyshyna & Isabelle Salle & Hung Truong, 2025. "Anchored Inflation Expectations: What Recent Data Reveal," Staff Working Papers 25-5, Bank of Canada.
  • Handle: RePEc:bca:bocawp:25-5
    DOI: 10.34989/swp-2025-5
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Inflation and prices;

    JEL classification:

    • E70 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macro-Based Behavioral Economics - - - General
    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
    • D84 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Expectations; Speculations

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