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An Overview of Indigenous Economies Within Canada

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Listed:
  • Alex Chernoff
  • Calista Cheung

Abstract

Attempts to measure aspects of Indigenous economies within Canada are limited by data availability and quality. Drawing on the most recent data sources and research, we provide an overview of such economies and their relationship to the economy of Canada. This includes a discussion of labour markets and the characteristics of Indigenous-owned businesses. While several measures suggest economic outcomes have improved for Indigenous Peoples in recent decades, some institutional settings and gaps in infrastructure and financing continue to hinder economic progress. The creation of new institutions is helping Indigenous communities to overcome these historic barriers. However, continued progress is needed to improve data on Indigenous economies to enable Indigenous and Canadian policy-makers to make informed decisions.

Suggested Citation

  • Alex Chernoff & Calista Cheung, 2023. "An Overview of Indigenous Economies Within Canada," Discussion Papers 2023-25, Bank of Canada.
    • Handle: RePEc:bca:bocadp:23-25
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Bowles, Paul & Ajit, D. & Dempsey, Keely & Shaw, Trevor, 2011. "Urban Aboriginal use of fringe financial institutions: Survey evidence from Prince George, British Columbia," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 40(6), pages 895-902.
    2. Donna Feir & Robert L.A. Hancock, 2016. "Answering the Call: A Guide to Reconciliation for Quantitative Social Scientists," Canadian Public Policy, University of Toronto Press, vol. 42(3), pages 350-365, September.
    3. Terry L. Anderson & Dominic P. Parker, 2009. "Economic development lessons from and for North American Indian economies ," Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society, vol. 53(1), pages 105-127, January.
    4. Danielle Lamb, 2014. "Aboriginal Early School Leavers On- and Off-Reserve: An Empirical Analysis," Canadian Public Policy, University of Toronto Press, vol. 40(2), pages 156-165, June.
    5. Danielle Lamb, 2013. "Earnings Inequality Among Aboriginal Groups in Canada," Journal of Labor Research, Springer, vol. 34(2), pages 224-240, June.
    6. Krishna Pendakur & Ravi Pendakur, 2018. "The Effects of Modern Treaties and Opt-In Legislation on Household Incomes in Aboriginal Communities," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 137(1), pages 139-165, May.
    7. Marc J. Melitz, 2003. "The Impact of Trade on Intra-Industry Reallocations and Aggregate Industry Productivity," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 71(6), pages 1695-1725, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Central bank research; Development economics; Financial services; Labour markets; Monetary Policy Transmission; Regional economic developments;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E01 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General - - - Measurement and Data on National Income and Product Accounts and Wealth; Environmental Accounts
    • E02 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General - - - Institutions and the Macroeconomy
    • N41 - Economic History - - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation - - - U.S.; Canada: Pre-1913
    • N42 - Economic History - - Government, War, Law, International Relations, and Regulation - - - U.S.; Canada: 1913-
    • O43 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Institutions and Growth
    • P48 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Other Economic Systems - - - Legal Institutions; Property Rights; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Regional Studies

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