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Exogenous Rewards for Promoting Cooperation in Scale-Free Networks

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  • Theodor Cimpeanu
  • The Anh Han
  • Francisco C. Santos

Abstract

The design of mechanisms that encourage pro-social behaviours in populations of self-regarding agents is recognised as a major theoretical challenge within several areas of social, life and engineering sciences. When interference from external parties is considered, several heuristics have been identified as capable of engineering a desired collective behaviour at a minimal cost. However, these studies neglect the diverse nature of contexts and social structures that characterise real-world populations. Here we analyse the impact of diversity by means of scale-free interaction networks with high and low levels of clustering, and test various interference mechanisms using simulations of agents facing a cooperative dilemma. Our results show that interference on scale-free networks is not trivial and that distinct levels of clustering react differently to each interference mechanism. As such, we argue that no tailored response fits all scale-free networks and present which mechanisms are more efficient at fostering cooperation in both types of networks. Finally, we discuss the pitfalls of considering reckless interference mechanisms.

Suggested Citation

  • Theodor Cimpeanu & The Anh Han & Francisco C. Santos, 2019. "Exogenous Rewards for Promoting Cooperation in Scale-Free Networks," Papers 1905.04964, arXiv.org, revised May 2019.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:1905.04964
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    File URL: http://arxiv.org/pdf/1905.04964
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Francisco C. Santos & Marta D. Santos & Jorge M. Pacheco, 2008. "Social diversity promotes the emergence of cooperation in public goods games," Nature, Nature, vol. 454(7201), pages 213-216, July.
    2. Martin A. Nowak & Karl Sigmund, 2005. "Evolution of indirect reciprocity," Nature, Nature, vol. 437(7063), pages 1291-1298, October.
    3. Karl Sigmund & Hannelore De Silva & Arne Traulsen & Christoph Hauert, 2010. "Social learning promotes institutions for governing the commons," Nature, Nature, vol. 466(7308), pages 861-863, August.
    4. Vítor V. Vasconcelos & Francisco C. Santos & Jorge M. Pacheco, 2013. "A bottom-up institutional approach to cooperative governance of risky commons," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 3(9), pages 797-801, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ohdaira, Tetsushi, 2024. "The universal probabilistic reward based on the difference of payoff realizes the evolution of cooperation," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    2. Tetsushi Ohdaira, 2021. "Cooperation evolves by the payoff-difference-based probabilistic reward," The European Physical Journal B: Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, Springer;EDP Sciences, vol. 94(11), pages 1-8, November.
    3. Cimpeanu, Theodor & Di Stefano, Alessandro & Perret, Cedric & Han, The Anh, 2023. "Social diversity reduces the complexity and cost of fostering fairness," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).

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