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Solving Nonlinear and High-Dimensional Partial Differential Equations via Deep Learning

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Listed:
  • Ali Al-Aradi
  • Adolfo Correia
  • Danilo Naiff
  • Gabriel Jardim
  • Yuri Saporito

Abstract

In this work we apply the Deep Galerkin Method (DGM) described in Sirignano and Spiliopoulos (2018) to solve a number of partial differential equations that arise in quantitative finance applications including option pricing, optimal execution, mean field games, etc. The main idea behind DGM is to represent the unknown function of interest using a deep neural network. A key feature of this approach is the fact that, unlike other commonly used numerical approaches such as finite difference methods, it is mesh-free. As such, it does not suffer (as much as other numerical methods) from the curse of dimensionality associated with highdimensional PDEs and PDE systems. The main goals of this paper are to elucidate the features, capabilities and limitations of DGM by analyzing aspects of its implementation for a number of different PDEs and PDE systems. Additionally, we present: (1) a brief overview of PDEs in quantitative finance along with numerical methods for solving them; (2) a brief overview of deep learning and, in particular, the notion of neural networks; (3) a discussion of the theoretical foundations of DGM with a focus on the justification of why this method is expected to perform well.

Suggested Citation

  • Ali Al-Aradi & Adolfo Correia & Danilo Naiff & Gabriel Jardim & Yuri Saporito, 2018. "Solving Nonlinear and High-Dimensional Partial Differential Equations via Deep Learning," Papers 1811.08782, arXiv.org.
    • Handle: RePEc:arx:papers:1811.08782
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. �lvaro Cartea & Sebastian Jaimungal, 2015. "Optimal execution with limit and market orders," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(8), pages 1279-1291, August.
    2. Merton, Robert C., 1971. "Optimum consumption and portfolio rules in a continuous-time model," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 3(4), pages 373-413, December.
    3. Pierre Cardaliaguet & Charles-Albert Lehalle, 2016. "Mean Field Game of Controls and An Application To Trade Crowding," Papers 1610.09904, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2017.
    4. Black, Fischer & Scholes, Myron S, 1973. "The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 81(3), pages 637-654, May-June.
    5. Merton, Robert C, 1969. "Lifetime Portfolio Selection under Uncertainty: The Continuous-Time Case," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 51(3), pages 247-257, August.
    6. Justin Sirignano & Konstantinos Spiliopoulos, 2017. "DGM: A deep learning algorithm for solving partial differential equations," Papers 1708.07469, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2018.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Carl Remlinger & Joseph Mikael & Romuald Elie, 2022. "Robust Operator Learning to Solve PDE," Working Papers hal-03599726, HAL.
    2. Anthony Coache & Sebastian Jaimungal, 2021. "Reinforcement Learning with Dynamic Convex Risk Measures," Papers 2112.13414, arXiv.org, revised Nov 2022.
    3. Daeyung Gim & Hyungbin Park, 2021. "A deep learning algorithm for optimal investment strategies," Papers 2101.12387, arXiv.org.
    4. Glau, Kathrin & Wunderlich, Linus, 2022. "The deep parametric PDE method and applications to option pricing," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 432(C).
    5. Maximilien Germain & Huyên Pham & Xavier Warin, 2021. "Neural networks-based algorithms for stochastic control and PDEs in finance ," Post-Print hal-03115503, HAL.
    6. Haozhe Su & M. V. Tretyakov & David P. Newton, 2021. "Deep learning of transition probability densities for stochastic asset models with applications in option pricing," Papers 2105.10467, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2023.
    7. Arian, Hamid & Moghimi, Mehrdad & Tabatabaei, Ehsan & Zamani, Shiva, 2022. "Encoded Value-at-Risk: A machine learning approach for portfolio risk measurement," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation (MATCOM), Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 500-525.
    8. Laurens Van Mieghem & Antonis Papapantoleon & Jonas Papazoglou-Hennig, 2023. "Machine learning for option pricing: an empirical investigation of network architectures," Papers 2307.07657, arXiv.org.
    9. Kathrin Glau & Linus Wunderlich, 2020. "The Deep Parametric PDE Method: Application to Option Pricing," Papers 2012.06211, arXiv.org.
    10. Tao Chen & Mike Ludkovski & Moritz Vo{ss}, 2022. "On Parametric Optimal Execution and Machine Learning Surrogates," Papers 2204.08581, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2023.
    11. Kevin Shuai Zhang & Traian Pirvu, 2021. "Pricing spread option with liquidity adjustments," Papers 2101.00223, arXiv.org.
    12. Al-Aradi, Ali & Correia, Adolfo & Jardim, Gabriel & de Freitas Naiff, Danilo & Saporito, Yuri, 2022. "Extensions of the deep Galerkin method," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 430(C).
    13. Jian Liang & Zhe Xu & Peter Li, 2019. "Deep Learning-Based Least Square Forward-Backward Stochastic Differential Equation Solver for High-Dimensional Derivative Pricing," Papers 1907.10578, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2020.
    14. Sebastian Jaimungal & Yuri F. Saporito & Max O. Souza & Yuri Thamsten, 2023. "Optimal Trading in Automatic Market Makers with Deep Learning," Papers 2304.02180, arXiv.org.
    15. Sebastian Jaimungal, 2022. "Reinforcement learning and stochastic optimisation," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 26(1), pages 103-129, January.
    16. Ren'e Carmona & Mathieu Lauri`ere, 2021. "Deep Learning for Mean Field Games and Mean Field Control with Applications to Finance," Papers 2107.04568, arXiv.org.

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